The overuse of synthetic pesticides has triggered resistance in insect pests and caused severe environmental impacts, emphasizing the urgent need for sustainable alternatives Integrated Pest Management (IPM). This study aimed to biosynthesize characterize chitosan-coated silver nanoparticles (AgChNPs) using Galega officinalis leaf extract evaluate their insecticidal effects against Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae), a key pest fruit crops worldwide. biosynthesized AgChNPs (257.2...

The Argentine stem weevil (ASW), a major pest in ryegrass pastures, causes significant agricultural losses. Ryegrass can establish symbiotic association with Epichloë endophytic fungi, which supply chemical defenses, including peramine. This symbiosis helps protect by providing peramine, acts as primary defense. In addition, activate induced defense mechanisms, peramine remaining the central agent response to herbivorous insect attacks. Therefore, this study assessed feeding of ASW on...

This study explores the biosynthesis, characterization, and evaluation of silver nanoparticles coated with chitosan (AgChNPs) for liquid nanocomposite biofilm formation in integrated pest management (IPM). AgChNPs were synthesized using Galega officinalis leaf extract as a reducing agent, varying concentrations (0.5%, 1%, 2%) pH levels (3, 4, 5). Synthesis was optimized based on nanoparticle size, stability, polydispersity index (PDI) over 21 days. Biofilms incorporating analyzed chemical,...

One of the primary supports for extensive agriculture is pasture, which can suffer severe damage from insects including Argentine stem weevil, Listronotus bonariensis. The main control method has been infection ryegrass with an endophyte fungus, forming a symbiotic association that produces alkaloids. In this study, we evaluated impact and peramine production on weight L. bonariensis across seven unnamed lines (LE161-LE167), two Lolium perenne cultivars: Jumbo Alto AR1. adults fed leaves...

The beetle Hylastinus obscurus Marsham (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), endemic to Europe and Northern Africa, is one of the most important red clover pests in Chile. As commercial insecticides are less effective against this pest, plant secondary metabolites have been considered as an alternative for its control. Here, we investigated chemical composition essential oil (EO), petroleum ether extract (PEE), dichloromethane (DCME) from Pilgerodendron uviferum heartwood. Additionally, effects EO...

The European grapevine moth, Lobesia botrana (Denis & Schiffermüller), is a serious pest in vineyards North and South America. Mating disruption techniques have been used to control monitor L. on the basis of its sexual communication. This needs well-tuned olfactory system, which it believed that pheromone-binding proteins (PBPs) are key players transport pheromones antennae moths. In this study, selectivity PBP, named as LbotPBP1, was tested by fluorescence binding assays against 11 sex...

Spotted wing drosophila (SWD) is a pest that causes damage due to the female laying eggs under skin of ripe fruit, from which larva emerges, causing its collapse and reducing commercial value. Due importance this pest, monitoring population starting point for any control program; however, there no early plan within management tasks, nor are studies on behavior, optimization traps, or their baits. This research proposes evaluation system with encapsulated baits adhesive traps allow effective...

Haematobia irritans is an obligate bloodsucking ectoparasite of cattle and the global major pest livestock production. Currently, H. management largely dependent upon broad-spectrum pesticides, which lately has led to development insecticide resistance. Thus, alternative control methods are necessary. Endophyte-infected grasses have been studied as due their capability biosynthesize alkaloids associated with anti-insect activities. main aim this study was evaluate antifeedant repellent...

The great wax moth, Galleria mellonella (L.), is a globally distributed pest for bee hives and, therefore, of significant importance apiculture. In this study, the antennal morphology G. was elucidated by light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron (SEM). Moreover, putative function sensilla studied in situ hybridization an odorant-binding protein (OBP)-encoding gene. Thus, OBP subclass called general (GOBP) used. Currently, GOBPs are related to transport sex pheromone volatiles insects....

Murtilla (Ugni molinae) is a shrub native to Chile that has undergone an incipient domestication process aimed at increasing its productivity. The reduction in intrinsic chemical defenses due the resulted decrease plant's ability defend itself against mechanical or insect damage. In response this damage, plants release volatile organic compounds (VOCs) as means of defense. To understand how impacted production VOCs first offspring murtilla, we hypothesized their levels would be reduced...

Plant domestication can modify flavonoid concentration, generating a decrease in plants subjected to cultivation, but when cultivated are transferred their original wild area, flavonoids be recovered. In this framework, native shrub from Chile, Ugni molinae, has been domesticated due high phenolic composition. We hypothesised that plant results of plants, and they exposed reciprocal transplant experiment, the content Hence, experiment for analysing environments was carried out. Methanolic...

The possibility of modifying terpene production in plants is a defensive strategy that has been studied conjunction with their biosynthetic pathways. A biotic factor such as Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) could modify Trifolium pratense L. In this work, the enzymatic monoterpenes Superqueli INIA cultivar two AMF was evaluated via HeadSpace-Gas Chromatography (HS-GC). significant increase (S)-limonene found inoculated Claroideoglomus claroideum well mix (genera Scutellospora, Acaulospora...

Perennial ryegrass is one of the most important food sources in animal production. However, several pests affect this crop, and primary control strategies symbiotic relationships between endophyte fungi. This fungus produces alkaloids that exhibit toxic activity against arthropods. Furthermore, effect fungi may extend to higher trophic levels, including predators (spiders and/or insects), decreasing their abundance diversity. Given importance spiders insects as predators, whether interaction...

Exploitation of the symbiotic relationship between endophytic fungi and ryegrass is a crucial technique for reducing incidence insect pests. This primarily due to production alkaloids, such as peramine, by fungi. alkaloid has been reported both deterrent toxic variety insects. However, insects have developed various strategies counteract plant defenses. One most studied methods their ability sequester compounds from plants. In this study, we examined feeding preferences adaptation peramine...

Decrease of flavonol synthase enzymatic activity in Ugni molinae Turcz due to the domestication process.Cien.Inv.Agr.46(1): 30-39.Flavonoid biosynthesis may be affected by plant domestication, with flavonoid production being reduced proportion degree domestication.In this context, kaempferol (3,4´,5,7-tetrahydroxyflavone) has been identified leaves wild and cultivated molinae, a berry endemic Chile.The biosynthetic pathway begins naringenin (4´,5,7-trihydroxyflavanone), which is converted...

Trifolium pratense, is a forage found worldwide, but it negatively impacted by the clover root borer, Hylastinus obscurus. Methanolic extraction has been reported for isolating formononetin from vegetal tissues, with an antifeeding effect on H. However, this methodology time-consuming and also extracts other secondary metabolites, whereas enzymatic assays can provide higher specificity. Hence, objective of work was to determine optimal conditions in pH, temperature, incubation time activity...

In terms of the domestication process in murtilla, studies have found changes concentration phenolic compounds, with reduction chemical defense plants, depending on change feeding behavior insects. Thus, we hypothesized that Ugni molinae decreases content compounds and modifies preference Chilesia rudis larvae. Leaves three parental ecotypes four cultivated were used experiments to evaluate mass gain leaves consumption Phenolic extracts from U. analyzed by HPLC. Identified incorporated an...