Abstract Accurate and reliable lane detection is vital for the safe performance of lane‐keeping assistance departure warning systems. However, under certain challenging circumstances, it difficult to get satisfactory in accurately detecting lanes from one single image as mostly done current literature. Since markings are continuous lines, that be detected can potentially better deduced if information previous frames incorporated. This study proposes a novel hybrid spatial–temporal (ST)...

An efficient voxel representation scheme coupled with algorithms for voxelisation, display and thickness analysis of complex free form shapes is presented. The binary model stored as a stack layers represented bit-arrays. Polygonal solid models are converted into format maximum resolution 1000 (one billion voxels) in less than 2 minutes. Near real-time visualization the achieved by direct point rendering using look-up table based on finite set neighbour configurations. Thickness performed...

Industrial automation systems (IAS) need to be highly dependable; they should not merely function as expected but also do so in a reliable, safe, and secure manner. Formal methods are mathematical techniques that can greatly aid developing dependable used across all phases of the system development life cycle (SDLC), including requirements engineering, design implementation, verification validation (testing), maintenance, even documentation. This state-of-the-art survey reports existing...

This paper introduces an approach to automatic verification of mechatronic systems designed as plug-and-play Intelligent Mechatronic Components (IMC). The control logic the system is composed from autonomous controllers IMCs and automatically verified using model-checking. Net Condition Event Systems formalism (a modular extension Petri net) used model decentralized discrete-state dynamics plant. A re-configurable pick place robot illustrative example. At first a three cylinder design our...

Design patterns in software engineering is a generic solution provided for repeatable problems occurring frequently design. They are used lot the field of engineering, especially object-oriented development. Different standards exist design and development industrial cyber-physical systems IEC 61499 standard one them. The presents reference component architecture distributed cyberphysical systems. There lack application with this paper address by proposing some patterns. presented inspired...

Biometrics recognition is the use of physiological and behavioral traits to identify an individual. Many biometric have been developed are being used authenticate person's identity. Iris system widely proved be efficient at individual with high accuracy nearly perfect matching. The feature two eyes same person not similar making it more secured way authentication compared other Biometric systems. This paper provides a review various methods algorithms by authors their effect on performance...

With increase in use formal verification tools and methods distributed systems, it is becoming more challenging to analyse the execution traces generated by tools. This paper presents a method for unification of industrial automation based on IEC 61499 standard. Execution trace system sequence events, where each event represents change state system. allow developers explore safely behavior control software. can be obtained several ways, including monitoring real (or its simulator), or as...

This paper proposes a step-by-step approach for developing modular and reusable logic controllers of mechatronic systems. Following that, it presents the results employing three distributed control methods, including master-slave, peer-to-peer independent on pick-and-place robot as simple showcase implementing system industrial applications, using emerged IEC 61499 standard. Moreover, addresses possibilities challenges each approach.

This paper proposes a new software composition method for automated machines that exploits their mechatronic modularity. It is demonstrated desired behavior of certain class can be composed behaviors its components, including fully decentralized scheduling and operation control. aims at increased performance design maintenance, as well systems' flexibility reconfigurability. The IEC 61499 Function Blocks' (FBs) architecture used an implementation platform enables system-level simulation...

This paper proposes a framework for formal verification of industrial automation software in an intuitive way. The IEC 61499 function block architecture is assumed to be the input language, and Intelligent Mechatronic Components (IMC) as underlying design pattern applications, which implies autonomous control logic each IMC their compositions systems plug-and-play Then system automatically verified using model checking counter examples failed properties are played back step-by-step...

IEC 61499 Standard for Function Blocks Architecture is an executable component model distributed embedded control system design that combines block diagrams and state machines. This paper proposes rules formal modelling of IEC61499 function blocks popular checking environment SMV using Abstract State Machines as intermediate model. first a description the in abstract machines (ASM). The main artifact standard (function block) presented paper. ASM further translated to input format checker...

The second edition of the IEC 61499 standard aims to clarify interpretation ambiguities function block's execution semantics. This resolves pivotal issue realizing portable and interoperable implementations reference architecture. As is about entering its technology takeoff phase, these clarifications are timely important. It hence expected that more innovators automation software tools, runtime environments, control hardware will start adopting this technology. To assist such adoption,...

IEC 61499 Standard for Function Blocks Architecture is an executable component model distributed embedded control system design that combines block diagrams and state machines. This paper proposes rules formal modelling of IEC61499 function blocks popular checking environment SMV using Abstract State Machines as intermediate model. first a description the in abstract machines (ASM). The main artifact standard (function block) presented paper. ASM further translated to input format checker...

This paper presents implementation of one the Distributed Grid Intelligence (DGI) applications: Load Balancing, using IEC61499 architecture. enables system level design distributed load balancing application with a direct pathway to deployment hardware. The use IEC 61499 improves scalability, re-configurability and maintainability automation software. was deployed commercial programmable devices embedded controller (ARM based TS-7800). verified co-simulation approach: control power simulated...

Formal verification of embedded control systems using closed-loop plant-controller models is getting increasingly popular. In this paper we propose a new method reducing complexity model-checking on account infusing non-determinism into certain parts the plant model during formal process guided by software tool. Net Condition/Event Systems (NCES) formalism used for modular design which are verified ViVe and SESA model-checkers. Its performance compared to modelling with finite state SMV...

Interoperability is one of the most important features expected from distributed automation architectures. Achieving interoperability involves addressing issues related to synchronization behavior, communication protocols, and data presentation formats. In this paper a case study on deployment an application network control devices with three different hardware/software platforms presented exploit benefits IEC 61499 architecture. Firstly, overall essentially logic was created. This then...

This paper presents a framework for employing cloud- deployable web services in the design of distributed control systems industrial automation. The demonstrates how part logic can be developed as service and deployed cloud to improve reusability flexibility. In order demonstrate use we consider an example Pick-and-Place Manipulator, which was originally designed IEC 61499 function block application with consisting high level low-level logic. Firstly its functionality is converted cloud....

This paper presents a model-checking framework for the purpose of design and implementation robust smart grid applications based on distributed intelligence. The first introduces intelligence approach to automation related challenges their verification. We then introduce case study example how can be applied presented system implemented in IEC 61499 standard. In end we present initial results our application applications. will conclude with some issues faced during research corrective steps...

Nowadays an increasing number of industries are considering moving toward being Industry 4.0 compliant. But this transition is not straightforward: transfer to new system can lead significant production downtime, resulting in delays and cost overruns. The best way systematic seamless newer advanced technologies that offers. This article proposes a framework based on automatic synthesis methods learns the behavior existing legacy programmable logic controller (PLC) generates state machines be...

In this paper, we discuss how process mining techniques can be applied in industrial control systems for modeling, verification, and enhancement of the cyber-physical system based on recorded data logs. Process is used extracting models different notations from behavioral traces system. The output model system's behavior mainly derived using an open-source tool called ProM. such applications as anomaly detection, detection cyber-attacks alarm analysis with help various flow discovery...