The capacity to collect fingerprints of individuals in online media has revolutionized the way researchers explore human society. Social systems can be seen as a nonlinear superposition multitude complex social networks, where nodes represent and links capture variety different relations. Much emphasis been put on network topology interactions, however, multidimensional nature these interactions largely ignored, mostly because lack data. Here, for first time, we analyze complete,...

Significance Recent advances in information technologies have increased our participation “sharing economies,” where applications that allow networked, real-time data exchange facilitate the sharing of living spaces, equipment, or vehicles with others. However, impact large-scale on sustainability is not clear, and a framework to assess its benefits quantitatively missing. For this purpose, we propose method shareability networks, which translates spatio-temporal problems into...

Abstract Sharing rides could drastically improve the efficiency of car and taxi transportation. Unleashing such potential, however, requires understanding how urban parameters affect fraction individual trips that can be shared, a quantity we call shareability . Using data on millions in New York City, San Francisco, Singapore, Vienna, compute curves for each city, find natural rescaling collapses them onto single, universal curve. We explain this scaling law theoretically with simple model...

Large-scale networks of human interaction, in particular country-wide telephone call networks, can be used to redraw geographical maps by applying algorithms topological community detection. The geographic projections the emerging areas a few recent studies on single regions have been suggested share two distinct properties: first, they are cohesive, and second, tend closely follow socio-economic boundaries similar existing political size number. Here we use an extended set countries...

Superpositions of social networks, such as communication, friendship, or trade are called multiplex forming the structural backbone human societies. Novel datasets now allow quantification and exploration networks. Here we study gender-specific differences a network from complete behavioral dataset an online-game society about 300,000 players. On individual level females perform better economically less risk-taking than males. Males reciprocate friendship requests faster vice versa hesitate...

Despite the recent availability of large data sets on human movements, a full understanding rules governing motion within social systems is still missing, due to incomplete information socio-economic factors and often limited spatio-temporal resolutions. Here we study an entire society individuals, players online-game, with complete their movements in network-shaped universe economic interactions. Such "socio-economic laboratory" allows unveil intricate interplay spatial constraints,...

Abstract Cycling is a promising solution to unsustainable urban transport systems. However, prevailing bicycle network development follows slow and piecewise process, without taking into account the structural complexity of transportation networks. Here we explore systematically topological limitations development. For 62 cities study different variations growing synthetic between an arbitrary set points routed on street network. We find initially decreasing returns investment until critical...

Transportation networks, from bicycle paths to buses and railways, are the backbone of urban mobility. In large metropolitan areas, integration different transport modes has become crucial guarantee fast sustainable flow people. Using a network science approach, multimodal systems can be described as multilayer where networks associated not considered in isolation, but set interconnected layers. Despite importance multimodality modern cities, unified view topic is currently missing. Here, we...

Urban highways are common, especially in the United States, making cities more car-centric. They promise annihilation of distance but obstruct pedestrian mobility, thus playing a key role limiting social interactions locally. Although this is widely acknowledged urban studies, quantitative relationship between and ties barely tested. Here, we define Barrier Score that relates massive, geolocated online network data to 50 largest US cities. At granularity individual ties, show associated with...

Based on a unique dataset comprising all 325,000 Austrian patients that were under pharmaceutical treatment for diabetes during 2006 and 2007, we measured the excess risk of developing triggered by undernourishment in early life. We studied percentage total population specifically each year birth, from 1917 to 2007. found massive people born times three major famines immediately after, which occurred Austria 20th century: 1918–1919, 1938, 1946–1947. Depending region, there was an up 40%...

The idea of a hierarchical spatial organization society lies at the core seminal theories in human geography that have strongly influenced our understanding social organization. In same line, recent availability large-scale mobility and communication data has offered novel quantitative insights hinting strong geographical confinement interactions within neighboring regions, extending to local levels countries. However, models interaction largely ignore this effect. Here, we analyze several...

From a transport perspective, increasing active travel –and walking in particular– is crucial for the future of sustainable cities, as reflected global decarbonisation policies and agendas. Further, much more than mere mode transport: it provides fundamental social function, fostering vibrant cohesive communities. Arguably, its associated infrastructure –sidewalks– should rank among highest priorities planning authorities. However, efficiency- speed-driven urbanisation has gradually...

Abstract Cycling is an outdoor activity with massive health benefits, and effective solution for sustainable urban transport. Despite these benefits the recent rising popularity of cycling, most countries still have a negligible uptake. This uptake especially low women: there largely unexplained, persistent gender gap in cycling. To understand determinants this cycling at scale, here we use massive, automatically-collected data from tracking application Strava on 61 cities across United...

We study behavioral action sequences of players in a massive multiplayer online game. In their virtual life use eight basic actions which allow them to interact with each other. These are communication, trade, establishing or breaking friendships and enmities, attack, punishment. measure the probabilities for these conditional on previous taken received find dramatic increase negative behavior immediately after receiving actions. Similarly, positive is intensified by observe tendency towards...

Most cities are car-centric, allocating a privileged amount of urban space to cars at the expense sustainable mobility like cycling. Simultaneously, privately owned vehicles vastly underused, wasting valuable opportunities for accommodating more people in livable environment by occupying spacious parking areas. Since data-driven quantification and visualization such inequality is lacking, here we explore how crowdsourced data can help advance its understanding. In particular, describe...

Cycling is an effective solution for making urban transport more sustainable. However, bicycle networks are typically developed in a slow, piecewise process that leaves open large number of gaps, even well‐developed cycling cities like Copenhagen. Here, we develop the IPDC procedure (Identify, Prioritize, Decluster, Classify) finding most important missing links networks, using data from OpenStreetMap. In this first identify all possible gaps following multiplex network approach, prioritize...

Quantifying regularities in behavioral dynamics is of crucial interest for understanding collective social events such as panics or political revolutions. With the widespread use digital communication media it has become possible to study massive data streams user-created content which individuals express their sentiments, often towards a specific topic. Here we investigate messages from various online created response major, collectively followed sport tournaments, presidential elections,...

Developing safe infrastructure for micromobility like bicycles or e-scooters is an efficient pathway towards climate-friendly, sustainable, and livable cities. However, urban typically planned ad-hoc at best informed by survey data. Here we study how data of trips crashes can shape automatize such network planning processes. We introduce a parameter that tunes the focus between demand-based safety-based development, investigate systematically this tradeoff city Turin. find full on demand...

Abstract One of the targets UN Sustainable Development Goals is to substantially reduce number global deaths and injuries from road traffic collisions. To this aim, European cities adopted various urban mobility policies, which has led a heterogeneous across Europe. Monitoring discrepancies in understanding most efficient policies are keys achieve objectives Vision Zero, multi-national safety project that aims at zero fatalities or serious linked traffic. Here, we identify features...