Little is known about the prebiotic mechanisms that initiated bioavailability of phosphorus, an element essential to life. A better understanding phosphorus speciation in modern earth environments representative early may help elucidate origins bioavailable phosphorus. This paper presents first quantitative measurements phosphite a pristine geothermal pool earth. Phosphite and phosphate were initially identified quantified stream samples at Hot Creek Gorge near Mammoth Lakes, California,...

Underrepresented racial minority (URM) students in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics majors encounter educational, social, structural challenges on the path toward their degrees careers. An undergraduate research program grounded critical race theory was developed implemented to address this disparity. NIH BUILD PODER focuses developing science identities URM through a culturally relevant responsive training environment, ultimately increasing pursuit of biomedical-related The...

Unconscious bias and explicit forms of discrimination continue to pervade academic institutions. Multicultural diversity training activities have not been sufficient in making structural social changes leading equity, therefore, a new form critical consciousness is needed train diverse scientists with research questions, methods, perspectives. The purpose this paper describe Building Infrastructure Leading Diversity (BUILD); Promoting Opportunities for Education Research (PODER), which an...

Numerous studies document the benefits of participating in undergraduate research experiences (UREs), including greater odds enrolling graduate school. However, there is a lack understanding about how UREs support student success. This study examines survey and interview data from multi-year program evaluation National Institutes Health-funded biomedical training to consider whether URE fosters students’ sense belonging, which an important predictor retention graduation. Analyzing...

The effects of students' attitudes on time devoted to a course (i.e. time‐on‐task), and the subsequent this time‐on‐task their performance in overall grade point average (GPA) were studied. Over three‐year period, engineering students (N = 231) surveyed weeks one, three, seven (after midterms) 10 (before finals) 10‐week quarter six sophomore junior classes (eight different sections). Results study show that most are optimistic about future new course, regardless previous GPA. All appear...

Abstract The current study investigated science identity development among Latinx university students selected for a critical race theory (CRT)‐informed undergraduate research experience. Twenty (12 female, 8 male; M age = 22.00; SD 2.77) enrolled in biomedical‐related majors at 4‐year responded to open‐ended questions regarding their as scientists 2 weeks, 6 months, and 18 months after they began the program. Results illustrated steady increase number of identifying over months. At weeks...

Students were surveyed and asked to self-evaluate their performance time-on-task in six engineering courses (eight sections). Surveys conducted four times over the course of a 10-week quarter. with highest grade point averages (GPAs) (2.88 mean; 4.00 mode) indicated ‘no change’ while students lower GPAs (2.67 1.83 ‘negative expectations by end quarter, indicating that better performing are self-evaluators. reduced 2–4 hours/week, especially early who changed during each survey had GPA mode...

What social forces are driving the increase in research requirements for tenure at teaching universities? Engaging Pierre Bourdieu's field theory, this case study examines a state comprehensive university, multiple levels of analysis, and via methods. Field theory is viable alternative to neoinstitutional higher education scholars. The methods used quantitative content qualitative discursive analysis interviews. provides detailed account whether economic or cultural stronger influence on...

The design and development of an automated flow injection instrument for the determination arsenite [As(III)] arsenate [As(V)] in natural waters is described. incorporates solenoid activated self-priming micropumps electronic switching valves controlling fluidics system a miniature charge-coupled device spectrometer operating graphical programming environment. limits detection were found to be 0.79 0.98 μM As(III) As(V), respectively, with linear range 1–50 μM. Spiked ultrapure water samples...

Surface areas and pore-size distributions of natural model porous media were measured before after contamination by naphthalene, a nonvolatile organic compound (NVOC). The contaminant was added to the solids in solvent (pentane) which subsequently volatilized (a scenario meant mimic field behavior mixed solvents). Brunauer−Emmett−Teller (BET) Frenkel−Halsey−Hill (FHH) models used interpret adsorption isotherms. Also, Barrett−Joyner−Halenda (BJH) calculate pore properties samples. results...

Abstract Sophomore Unified Core Curriculum for Engineering Education (SUCCEEd) at CalStateLASUCCEEd program CalStateLA was designed within an integrated curriculum context to overcome thelow success rate with respect graduation and professional licensing, a common problem inengineering programs minority serving institutions. The design has been driven byoutcomes established help majors acquire strong foundation in core competencies 1)analysis, 2) applications, 3) modeling, 4) communication,...

The potential impacts of CO2 leakage from a natural subsurface reservoir on soil and water quality were studied. Field measurements pore concentrations visual inspection plants at Mammoth Mountain, CA, allowed the demarcation tree-kill non-tree-kill zones, with >100,000 ppm ∼ 1,000 ppm, respectively. Soils collected six sites along transect stretching center zone to an equidistant point into analyzed for surface area organic carbon content. Batch column leaching tests conducted determine...

This study investigated the direct effect of fly ash used as a soil amendment on anion exclusion in NO 3 − transport variably saturated soil. A sandy clay was amended with Class F (FA) at four levels: 0, 2, 10, and 20% FA. The soils were placed small column kept constant saturation using steady‐state centrifugation unsaturated flow apparatus. Three ranges investigated, 0.75 to 0.9, 0.4 0.45, 0.27 0.29, designated high, medium, low saturation, respectively. Ammonium nitrate (0.7 mmol L −1 )...

Abstract NOTE: The first page of text has been automatically extracted and included below in lieu an abstract Main Menu Session 1451 Attitudes vs. Performance the Engineering Classroom Crist S. Khachikian, Darrell W. Guillaume California State University Los Angeles Introduction paradigm subscribed to by most people is that if one believes a goal can be achieved, success more likely. This especially true pursuit educational goals 1. A new trend introductory texts focusing on orienting...

ABSTRACT This paper investigates the long‐term behavior of porous media contaminated by nonvolatile organic compounds (NVOC) in terms specific interfacial surface area. Specifically, a natural sand, Moffett sand (MS), was with naphthalene and area measured repeatedly over time using nitrogen adsorption–desorption techniques. A field‐contaminated affected lampblack material (LB) from former manufactured gas plant operations also studied. Lampblack is carbonaceous skeleton containing...