Non-spherical Cu@CuS yolk–shell structures are successfully obtained using Cu2O cube templates in a process combining rapid surface sulfidation followed by disproportionation of the core upon treatment with hydrochloric acid solution. By employing above method, different morphologies, including octahedral, truncated and cuboctahedral shapes, can be synthesized. The void space within hollow provides unique confined space, where metallic copper present shell protected from agglomeration...

Uniform hollow, yolk-shell and double-shell Zn2SnO4/SnO2 nanoparticles with cubic morphologies have been synthesized using "etching-second growth-annealed" methods. Due to the high light-harvesting efficiency low recombination rate of photo-generated electron-hole pair, structures show an obvious improvement in photocatalytic activity.

The collaboration between renewable energy (RE) and an electric vehicles battery switch station (BSS) is a win-win strategy for both. In order to effectively coordinate manage RE BSS belonging different investors, new cooperative operation mode considering multi-stakeholder scenario proposed. By analyzing the relationship of cooperation competition them, their pursuit maximizing own interests modeled as Stackelberg game model. As leader, company determines charge/discharge prices guide...

Wind power has great influence on system because of fluctuation and intermittency. Thus, the storage technology is applied to smooth wind power, a model farm energy capacity optimization proposed in paper. The objectives this are maximize utilization minimize cost infrastructure. Due antagonistic relations between goals, compromised processing method used realize overall benefit farm. Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm solve rapidly accurately. case indicates that could by smaller...

In the context of large-scale wind power integration and rapid development electric vehicles (EVs), a joint operation pattern was proposed to use centralized charging station (CCS) address high uncertainties incurred by integration. This would directly remove significant indeterminacy power. Because CCS is adjacent gathering station, it could work jointly with farms operate in system as an independent enterprise. By combining actual operational characteristics farm CCS, multidimensional...

For the broadband oscillation problems caused by wind power grid-integration, a risk assessment method is proposed from view of negative-resistance (Neg-R) effect. Furthermore, verified to show its availability based on practical farm (WF) with direct-drive generators (WPGs). From case study, it shows that port-impedance WPGs does have certain frequency band Neg-R effect, which may cause some problems. In addition, effect greatly affected working conditions, thus influence conditions should...

Effective control of spinning reserve (SR) is important for economic advanced dispatch (AD). In the conventional AD methods, SR allocation based on deterministic criterion hard to keep system response risk within a specified level. So, in this paper, expected demand not supplied (EDNS) introduced as an index risk, and given EDNS limit treated constraint AD. The resulted with equal model forms {0, 1} mixed integer programming (MIP) problem. Additional constraints variables are then used...

To solve the internal distribution problem of microgrid operation benefit, a benefit method based on economic and cooperative game theory is proposed, which can satisfy individual rationality global efficiency. It be used to estimate value various participants in provide references for payment settlement inside as well. The influence characteristics result analyzed through typical example. Results indicates that proposed this paper realize rational it could also guide stimulate improve own...

In order to deal with the uncertainties of wind power, farm and electric vehicle (EV) battery switch station (BSS) were proposed work together as an integrated system. this paper, collaborative scheduling problems such a system studied. Considering features system, three indices, which include swapping demand curtailment BSS, farm, generation schedule tracking are proposed. addition, two-stage multi-objective model was designed. first stage, day-ahead built based on theory dependent chance...

In these years, the wind power integration capacity has increased a lot, and issue of curtailment become more serious for lack adequate flexible energy sources. To find out whether nuclear plant (NPP) in present system can solve this issue, paper proposes joint operational optimization model that includes NPP, plant, thermal units pumped-storage to analyze influences operation modes NPP on accommodation. It compares total cost curtailed considering base load mode following respectively. A...

Currently, the rapid increase in wind power integration systems is resulting an increasing flow grid-integrated transmission lines of farms. The curtailment caused by current limits (thermal ratings) overhead (WPIOLs) becoming increasingly common. Aiming at this issue, influence conductor heating on loss tensile strength (LOTS) and sag a WPIOL was analyzed paper. Then decision model proposed for thermal ratings WPIOLs, which regards minimized as objective introduces permissible cumulative...

In this paper, an economic scheduling of distributed generating units and drydock pumps in a shipyard is proposed. The objective function to minimize the total electricity bill payment while considering its own generation meet demand. volatile market price, contracted capacity constraint, interruptible loads (ILs) are all considered during optimization. A significant saving can be achieved by proposed optimization model.

The influence of interfacial reaction on adhesion in silica glass/polyarylacetylene resin composites was studied. In order to achieve chemical at the interface, vinyltrimethoxysilane grafted onto glass surface react with polyarylacetylene resin. between and proved based model phenylacetylene vinyltrimethoxysilane. At same time, modified characteristics were evaluated by contact-angle measurements energy determination. shear strength testing fracture morphology analysis. It concluded that...

At present, the static thermal rating (STR) used for overhead wires is calculated under assumption that relatively unfavorable meteorological conditions occur simultaneously, which limits efficient forthputting of transmission lines to a certain extent. Therefore, this paper proposes calculation method analyze daily distribution driven by data release load capacity line. Firstly, at time scales based on IEEE738, and then ratings can be counted Parzen-window technology. Then, converted into...

The integration of large-scale renewable energy makes the power system face challenges, and micro-grid is one important research directions for utilizing new energy. development distributed has alleviated grid pressure to some extent, but there are problems in electronic systems. In micro-grid, distribution control between parallel sources generally uses voltage droop technology. key technology coordinated multiple converters, which requires bus frequency be within rated range load properly...

Abstract The thermal rating of the overhead conductor is closely related to meteorological factors such as wind speed, direction, ambient temperature and solar radiation. Therefore, both historical ratings data are alternative input predict conductor. It important select suitable improve prediction accuracy results. Based on collection micro-meteorological from line monitoring system, this paper presents a method determine for by analysing autocorrelation cross-correlation between...

With the construction of new power system, installed proportion traditional synchronous generator continues to decline, and stability grid voltage is greatly challenged. The participation wind in emergency reactive control after failure faced with an urgent need. Aiming at problem that it difficult take into account both ontology constraint active uncertainty when doubly-fed induction participates grid, influence mechanism different output modes DFIG on system sensitivity analyzed, support...