<h3>Background</h3> Several options exist for surgical management of essential tremor (ET), including radiofrequency lesioning, deep brain stimulation and γ knife radiosurgery the ventralis intermedius nucleus thalamus. Recently, magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) has been developed as a less-invasive tool aimed to precisely generate focal thermal lesions in brain. <h3>Methods</h3> Patients underwent evaluation neuroimaging study at baseline up 6 months after MRgFUS....

Magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound surgery (MRgFUS) was recently introduced as treatment for movement disorders such essential tremor and advanced Parkinson's disease (PD). Although deep brain target lesions are successfully generated in most patients, the area temperature fails to increase some cases. The skull is one of greatest barriers ultrasonic energy transmission. authors analyzed skull-related factors that may have prevented an temperatures patients who underwent MRgFUS.The...

Object Whole-brain radiation therapy (WBRT), open resection, and stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) are widely used for treatment of metastatic brain lesions, many physicians recommend WBRT multiple metastases. However, can be performed only once per patient, with rare exceptions. Some patients may require SRS particularly those harboring more than 10 lesions. In this paper, results metastasis were analyzed, an attempt was made to determine whether is effective, even in cases involving Methods...

Voltage-gated sodium channels (Navs) play an important role in human pain sensation. However, the expression and of Nav subtypes native sensory neurons are unclear. To address this issue, we obtained dorsal root ganglion (hDRG) tissues from healthy donors. PCR analysis seven DRG-expressed revealed that hDRG has higher Nav1.7 (~50% total expression) lower Nav1.8 (~12%), whereas mouse DRG (~45%) (~18%). mimic regulation chronic pain, treated primary cultures with paclitaxel (0.1-1 μmol/L) for...

Glioblastoma (GBM) remains fatal due to the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which interferes with delivery of chemotherapeutic agents. The purpose this study was evaluate safety and feasibility repeated disruption BBB (BBBD) MR-guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) in patients GBM during standard adjuvant temozolomide (TMZ) chemotherapy.

Recently, a new thermal lesioning approach using magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) was introduced for the treatment of neurologic disorders. However, only 2 studies have used this treatment-refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and follow-up short-term. We investigated efficacy safety bilateral anterior limb internal capsule MRgFUS in patients with OCD followed them years.Eleven were included study. Clinical outcomes evaluated Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive...

Abstract Recently, neurophysiological findings about social interaction have been investigated widely, and hardware has developed that can measure multiple subjects' brain activities simultaneously. These hyperscanning studies enabled us to discover new important evidences of interbrain interactions. Yet, very little is known verbal without any visual input. Therefore, we conducted a study based on verbal, turn‐taking using simultaneous EEG/MEG, which measures rapidly changing activities. To...

Introduction: To overcome the blood-brain barrier (BBB) which interferes with effect of chemotherapeutic agents, we performed multiple disruptions BBB (BBBD) magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound on patients glioblastoma (GBM) during standard adjuvant temozolomide (TMZ) chemotherapy [clinical trial registration no.NCT03712293 (clinicaltrials.gov)]. We report a 1-year follow-up result BBBD TMZ for GBM. Methods: From September 2018 to January 2019, six were enrolled (four men and two...

Abstract Background Focused ultrasound (FUS)-mediated blood–brain barrier (BBB) opening has shown efficacy in removal of amyloid plaque and improvement cognitive functions preclinical studies, but this is rarely reported clinical studies. This study was conducted to evaluate the safety, feasibility potential benefits repeated extensive BBB opening. Methods In open-label, prospective study, six patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) were enrolled at Severance Hospital Korea between August...

Abstract BACKGROUND: Biological conversion of CO 2 to useful carbonic compounds such as methane is a potentially attractive technology for reducing its concentration in the atmosphere. One advantages this over chemical that it requires much lower energy reduction . In article, biological CH 4 using hydrogenotrophic methanogens was examined fixed bed reactor inoculated with anaerobic mixed culture from digestor sewage treatment plant. RESULTS: Methane formation commenced on first day...

Unilateral pallidotomy has been accepted as an efficacious treatment for Parkinson disease (PD) compared with medical therapies.1 Currently, magnetic resonance–guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) developed a minimally invasive surgical technique, generating precise thermal lesions in the brain.2,3 We report successful unilateral MRgFUS patient PD to control not only levodopa-induced dyskinesia but also cardinal motor symptoms. Acknowledgment: Itay Rachmilevitch and Eyal Zadicario, employees...

OBJECTIVE The application of pharmacological therapeutics in neurological disorders is limited by the ability these agents to penetrate blood-brain barrier (BBB). Focused ultrasound (FUS) has recently gained attention for its potential as a method locally opening BBB and thereby facilitating drug delivery into brain parenchyma. However, this still requires optimization maximize safety efficacy clinical use. In present study, authors examined several sonication parameters FUS influencing...

Abstract Background The persistence of adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) is sharply decreased in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). neuropathologies AD include the presence amyloid-β deposition plaques, tau hyperphosphorylation neurofibrillary tangles, and cholinergic system degeneration. focused ultrasound (FUS)-mediated blood-brain barrier opening modulates hyperphosphorylation, accumulation proteins, increases AHN. However, it remains unclear whether FUS can modulate AHN cholinergic-deficient...

The authors report different MRI patterns in patients with essential tremor (ET) or obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) after transcranial MR-guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) and discuss possible causes of occasional MRgFUS failure.Between March 2012 August 2013, was used to perform unilateral thalamotomy 11 ET bilateral anterior limb capsulotomy 6 OCD patients; all symptoms were refractory drug therapy. Sequential MR images obtained across a 6-month follow-up period.For patients, lesion...

Solitary fibrous tumor/hemangiopericytoma (SFT/HPC) is a new combined entity for which soft-tissue-type grading system, ranging from grades I to III, has been introduced in the 2016 WHO classification of tumors CNS. The results treatment this disease require evaluation.

Brain mosaic mutations are a major cause of refractory focal epilepsies with cortical malformations such as dysplasia, hemimegalencephaly, malformation development oligodendroglial hyperplasia in epilepsy, and ganglioglioma. Here, we collected cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) during epilepsy surgery to search for somatic variants cell‐free DNA (cfDNA) using targeted droplet digital polymerase chain reaction. In 3 12 epileptic patients known previously identified brain tissue, here provide evidence...

Deep brain stimulation is an established treatment for movement disorders such as Parkinson's disease, essential tremor, and dystonia. However, various complications that occur after deep are a major concern patients neurosurgeons.This study aimed to analyze stimulation.We reviewed the medical records of with disorder who underwent bilateral between 2000 2020. Among them, requiring revision surgery were analyzed.A total 426 disorder. The primary disease was in 315 patients, followed by...

Brain somatic mutations in mTOR pathway genes are a major genetic etiology of focal cortical dysplasia type II (FCDII). Despite greater ability to detect low-level the brain by deep sequencing and analytics, about 40% cases remain genetically unexplained.We included 2 independent cohorts consisting 21 patients with mutation-negative FCDII without apparent on conventional bulk brain. To find ultra-low level variants or structural variants, we isolated cells exhibiting phosphorylation S6...