Abstract. The extent and distribution of permafrost in the mountainous parts Hindu Kush Himalayan (HKH) region are largely unknown. A long tradition research, predominantly on rather gentle relief, exists only Tibetan Plateau. Two maps available digitally that cover HKH provide estimates extent, i.e., areal proportion permafrost: manually delineated Circum-Arctic Map Permafrost Ground Ice Conditions (Brown et al., 1998) Global Zonation Index, based a computer model (Gruber, 2012). This...

Abstract Strong and thick temperature inversions are key components of the Arctic climate system it is important to study better understand them. The present quantifies temporal spatial variability surface-based (SBIs) elevated (EIs) over Greenland, as derived from ERA-Interim (ERA-I) dataset for period 1979–2017. seasonal multiannual inversion strength, thickness, frequency examined. Our results clearly show regional well patterns both SBIs EIs. more frequent stronger than EIs, larger...

Abstract Monitoring the glacier mass balance of summer-accumulation-type Himalayan glaciers is critical to not only assess impact climate change on volume such but also predict downstream water availability and global sea-level in future. To better understand meteorological parameters related runoff a glacierized basin highly heterogeneous responses Nepal Himalaya nearby ranges, Cryosphere Project (CMP) carries out observations Langtang Valley mass-balance measurements Yala Glacier,...

Air temperature inversions, a situation in which atmospheric increases with height, are key components of the Arctic planetary boundary layer. The present study investigates spatial and temporal variations inversions over different surface types (rock, gravel, snow, ice) along Mittivakkat valley (southeast Greenland). For this purpose, 113 vertical profiles high spatio-temporal resolution air relative humidity were collected unoccupied aerial vehicles (UAVs) during 13-day field campaign...

Abstract. The extent and distribution of permafrost in the mountainous parts Hindu Kush–Himalayan (HKH) region have barely been investigated are largely unknown. Only on Tibetan Plateau a long tradition research rather gentle relief exists. Two maps available that cover HKH provide estimates extent, i.e. areal proportion permafrost: manually delineated Circum-Arctic Map Permafrost Ground Ice Conditions (Brown et al., 1998) Global Zonation Index, based computer model (Gruber, 2012). This...

Abstract. The climate in Northeast Greenland is shaped by complex topography and interaction with the cryosphere. Since regional ecosystem processes are sensitive to atmospheric stability conditions, it crucial capture this complexity including adequate cryosphere coupling. This study uses an observational dataset from Zackenberg region (Northeast Greenland) investigate local- large-scale factors that determine slope temperature gradient (STG), i.e., along mountain slope. A synthesis of...

Asia, a region grappling with the impacts of climate change, increasing natural disasters, and transboundary water issues, faces major challenges to security. Water resources there are closely tied dramatic Hindu-Kush Himalayan (HKH) mountain range, where over 46,000 glaciers hold some largest repositories fresh on earth (Qiu 2010). Often described as tower HKH harbors snow ice that form headwaters continent's rivers (Bandyopadhyay 2013). Downstream, this network river systems sustains more...

Abstract. Climate change is particularly strong in Greenland, primarily as a result of changes the transport heat and moisture from lower latitudes. The atmospheric structures involved influence surface mass balance (SMB) Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS), their patterns are largely explained by climate oscillations, which describe internal variability. By using k-means clustering, we name combination Blocking Index, North Atlantic Oscillation index vertically integrated water vapor NAG (North on...

This paper provides information about the variation of ice ablation rate underneath highly heterogeneous debris layer on Lirung Glacier in Langtang Valley, Rasuwa district, Nepal. Ice melt under a cover has been commonly modelled using two approaches: physically-based energy-balance models and more empirical temperature-index models. Energy Balance Model (EMB) was used at point scale to calculate debris-covered glacier. Because high heterogeneity surface layer, varies throughout The average...

<p>Air temperature inversion, a situation in which atmospheric increases with height, is common feature the Arctic planetary boundary layer. This stable layer has multiple consequences for environment. While vertical gradients of flora and fauna are impacted by them, they also have direct consequence on physical characteristics such as permafrost thaw depths snow cover. Therefore, comprehensive knowledge about spatial temporal variability inversion parameters thickness,...

Abstract. The climate in Northeast Greenland is shaped by complex topography and interaction with the cryosphere. To capture this complexity, we use an observational dataset from Zackenberg region (ZR), (Northeast Greenland) to investigate local large-scale factors that determine slope temperature gradients (STGs) i.e., gradient along mountain slope. A synthesis of automated weather stations, reanalysis, regional model were used. Our results show surface type near fjord-ice condition are...

Abstract. Climate change is particularly strong in Greenland primarily as a result of changes advection heat and moisture fluxes from lower latitudes. The atmospheric structures involved influence the surface mass balance their pattern are largely explained by climate oscillations which describe internal variability. Based on clustering method, we combine Blocking Index North Atlantic Oscillation index with vertically integrated water vapor to analyze inter-seasonal regional impacts energy...

1 Study Area Figure S1.Map of the Greenland ice sheet and peripheral glaciers (in red) separated by main drainage basins.The meridian 45 • W parallel 70 N are used to divide adjacent seas blue) in four quadrants: Baffin Bay (BB); Labrador Sea (LB); (GS); Irminger/Icelandic (IS).The Denmark Strait is situated between Iceland.1

<p>Recent Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) surface mass loss has been attributed to the expansion of bare ice area following upward migration snowline along with persistent blocking systems. Given temporal fluctuations and spatial heterogeneity ablation zone, local impacts atmospheric drivers on GrIS energy balance at different elevations under various circulation patterns remain poorly known.</p><p>Based 1959-2020 period, we present a new indicator North...