The Bacillus subtilis oxalate decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.2), YvrK, converts to formate and CO2. YvrK the related hypothetical proteins YoaN YxaG from B. have been successfully overexpressed in Escherichia coli. Recombinant were found be soluble enzymes with activity only when expressed presence of manganese salts. No enzyme has yet detected for YxaG, which was as a protein without requirement catalyze minor side reactions: oxidation produce H2O2; oxalate-dependent, H2O2-independent dye...

Oxalate decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.2) catalyzes the conversion of oxalate to formate and carbon dioxide utilizes dioxygen as a cofactor. By contrast, evolutionarily related oxidase 1.2.3.4) converts hydrogen peroxide. Divergent free radical catalytic mechanisms have been proposed for these enzymes that involve requirement an active site proton donor in but not reaction. The possesses only one domain manganese binding per subunit, while has two domains sites subunit. A structure together with...

The Bacillus subtilis genome contains genes for three hypothetical proteins belonging to the bicupin family, two of which we have previously shown be Mn(II)-dependent oxalate decarboxylases. We now that third, YxaG, exhibits quercetin 2,3-dioxygenase activity and it Fe ions. This contrasts with eukaryotic enzyme a Cu ion. YxaG is first prokaryotic carbon monoxide-forming utilises flavonol characterised only second example dioxygenolytic known contain cofactor. It proposed rename B. gene qdoI.

ABSTRACT Oxalate oxidase is thought to be involved in the production of hydrogen peroxide for lignin degradation by dikaryotic white rot fungus Ceriporiopsis subvermispora . This enzyme was purified, and after digestion with trypsin, peptide fragments were sequenced using quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Starting degenerate primers based on sequences, two genes encoding isoforms cloned, sequenced, shown allelic. Both contained 14 introns. The sequences revealed that they both...

Oxalate decarboxylases and oxalate oxidases are members of the cupin superfamily proteins that have many common features: a manganese ion with ligand set, substrate oxalate, dioxygen (as either unique cofactor or substrate). We hypothesized these enzymes share catalytic steps diverge when carboxylate radical intermediate becomes protonated. The Bacillus subtilis decarboxylase has two binding sites, we proposed Glu162 on flexible lid is site 1 general acid. now demonstrate can be converted...

Oxalate decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.2) catalyses the conversion of oxalate into carbon dioxide and formate. It requires manganese and, uniquely, dioxygen for catalysis. forms a homohexamer each subunit contains two similar, but distinct, sites termed 1 2. There is kinetic evidence that only site catalytically active 2 purely structural. However, kinetics enzymes with mutations in are often ambiguous all mutant have been interpreted without structural information. Nine new site-directed mutants...

A high-field electron paramagnetic resonance (HFEPR) study of oxalate decarboxylase (OxdC) is reported. OxdC breaks down to carbon dioxide and formate possesses two distinct manganese(II) binding sites, referred as site-1 -2. The Mn(II) zero-field interaction was used probe the electronic state metal ion examine chemical/mechanistic roles each centers. High magnetic-fields were exploited not only resolve but also measure accurately parameters sites. spectra exhibited surprisingly complex...

DNA ligases are essential enzymes in cells due to their ability join strand breaks formed during replication. Several temperature-sensitive mutant strains of Escherichia coli, including strain GR501, have been described which can be complemented by functional ligases. Here, it is shown that the ligA251 mutation E. coli GR501 a cytosine thymine transition at base 43, results substitution leucine phenylalanine residue 15. The protein product this gene (LigA251) accumulated similar level...

Biological systems that involve enzyme catalysis at surfaces, particularly strategically important ones insoluble substrates/products such as the cell wall and starch granule, require analyses beyond classical solution state enzymology. Using a model system, we have demonstrated real-time measurement of transglucosidase activity on surface using plasmon resonance (SPR) spectroscopy. We monitored extension (partially carboxymethylated) dextran with alternansucrase sucrose glycosyl donor....

This paper describes the design and evaluation of an undergraduate final year science communication module for Science Faculty at University East Anglia. The focuses specifically on aims to bring understanding how is disseminated public. Students are made aware models surrounding investigate culture interfaces with During they learn adapt concepts different audiences talk confidently about a lay-audience. Student motivation choice centres acquisition transferable skills students develop...

The increase in Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) microorganisms has been exacerbated by exposure to antimicrobial drugs (e.g. antibiotics). A solution AMR may require academic researchers not only contribute the drug discovery pipeline through laboratory research, but also engage and inform non-specialist audiences using a variety of interventions order change behaviour towards our use antibiotics. In this paper, authors describe hands-on public engagement event focusing on AMR. 'A Spoonful...

We continue to be warned about the risk of antibiotic resistance. This campaign has targeted medicine and agriculture, asking these industries pay attention risks widespread resistance cut use antibiotics wherever possible. However, there been little no mention in scientific research community. As scientists we as fundamental tools for our research; almost all conventional plasmids an gene a selectable marker, offering us easy method screening. With molecular biology genetics at heart many...

Teaching research ethics is a requirement within modern health science, nursing and medical curricula. We have drawn on our experience of designing, developing integrating the teaching in new, fully integrated school curriculum, delivered using Problem Based Learning recent literature relating to produce following 12 Top Tips designed encourage readers seek opportunities embed this variety

To address the growing problem of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), it is necessary to invest in, inspire and attract future generations scientists this research area. Undergraduate education should be a focus for attention efforts made ensure that students are afforded opportunities actively engage with AMR. We illustrate how as topic AMR provides deliver effective research-led teaching in addition traditional methods. have used selection case studies can engaged using variety approaches...

While numerous studies examine perceptions of research held by university researchers, examining school pupils are rare. To address this gap and following analysis questionnaire data (N = 2634, KS3/4/5 pupils), we conducted 11 group interviews with 100 in England to investigate their experiences during schooling how is conceived, where its utility significance lie. Thematic the interview – informed Angela Brew’s 4-tier descriptor (domino, trading, layer, journey), Jenni Stubb's colleagues'...

The contributors to this discussion teach in three different Faculties at the University of East Anglia (UEA) – Science, Arts & Humanities and Medicine Health Sciences. They have each used science fiction explore learning outcomes their distinct teaching practices. below highlights how contemporary can operate as a touchstone for debate that informs biochemistry teaching. Laura, Helen Richard all studied basic sciences, gaining PhDs various aspects molecular biology, taught...

<ns4:p>Young people’s views on what research is, how it is conducted and whether important, influences the decisions they make about their further studies career choices. In this paper we report analysis of questionnaire data with a particular focus pupil perceptions in sciences scientific method. The was 25-item Likert Scale (1-5) distributed to seven collaborating schools. We received 2634 returns from pupils across key stages 3, 4 5. also asked teachers complete order explore thought...

Abstract The COVID‐19 pandemic has disrupted economies and societies throughout the world since early 2020. Education is especially affected, with schools universities widely closed for long periods. People under 25 years have lowest risk of severe disease but their activities can be key to persistent ongoing community transmission. A challenge arose how provide education, including university level, without students increasing wider SARS‐CoV‐2 infections. We used a Hazard Analysis Critical...

Oxalate decarboxylase (OxdC) from Bacillus subtilis is a hexamer containing two manganese ions per 43.6 kDa subunit. A single highly redundant data set collected at medium resolution of 2 Å on an in-house X-ray source was sufficient to solve the structure by single-wavelength anomalous diffraction (SAD) method using signal ions. The experimentally phased electron-density map high quality, enabling 96% amino-acid sequence be automatically traced ARP/wARP. Further analysis showed that only...

ABSTRACT The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted economies and societies throughout the world in 2020. Education was especially affected, with schools universities widely closed for long periods. People under 25 years have lowest risk of severe disease but their activities can be key to persistent ongoing community transmission. A challenge arose how provide education, including university level, without students increasing wider SARS- CoV-2 infections. We used a Hazard Analysis Critical Control...