Abstract For mapping Earth surface movements at larger scale and smaller amplitudes, many new synthetic aperture radar instruments (Sentinel‐1A/B, Gaofen‐3, ALOS‐2) have been developed launched from 2014–2017, this trend is set to continue with Sentinel‐1C/D, Gaofen‐3B/C, RADARSAT Constellation planned for launch during 2018–2025. This poses more challenges correcting interferograms atmospheric effects since the spatial‐temporal variations of tropospheric delay may dominate over large scales...

Abstract Vegetation and peatland fires cause poor air quality thousands of premature deaths across densely populated regions in Equatorial Asia. Strong El-Niño positive Indian Ocean Dipole conditions are associated with an increase the frequency intensity wildfires Indonesia Borneo, enhancing population exposure to hazardous concentrations smoke pollutants. Here we investigate impact on Asia during Fall 2015, which were largest over past two decades. We performed high-resolution simulations...

Abstract Over the past century, rapid urbanization has greatly altered landscapes and affected atmospheric conditions causing impacts across a wide range of sectors including human welfare, infrastructure, ecosystems. As result, there is growing imperative to improve understanding on local regional weather events hydroclimates. This study investigates how affects precipitation cloud fraction (CF) in vicinity Indianapolis. We employ multi‐month simulations using Weather Research Forecasting...

Abstract Saudi Arabia has a long tradition of relying on fossil fuels for satisfying its energy demand. With the rising needs due to population growth and societal development, nation is seeking other sources energy, which include largely underused wind resources. In this paper, we analyze power potential in based MENA CORDEX (Middle East North Africa Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment) model output. We investigate climate settings runs best capture spatiotemporal patterns...

Policymakers worldwide have set challenging sustainable energy targets to decarbonize their economy. Despite the ambitious pledges, several emerging countries still lack an actual progress towards envisioned goals, often due scarcity of accurate data. Here, we propose a practical methodology for bridging gap between wind and implementation. We illustrate our new by focusing on Saudi Arabia, which endeavors play leading role in renewable sector pledges install 16GW capacity 2030. blueprint...

Abstract Two Sundowner events observed during the Wind Experiment (SWEX) project are analyzed using a realistically forced large eddy simulation (LES) employing multiscale Weather and Research Forecasting (WRF) model configuration with domain grid spacings ranging from 11,250 to 30 m centered over Santa Barbara, CA region examine their meso‐ micro‐scale drivers. The main drivers of both increasing mountaintop stability mountain wave activity exhibiting hydraulic jump near‐surface critical...

The 3D wind and turbulence characteristics of the atmospheric boundary layer experiment (3D Wind) was conducted to evaluate innovative remote sensing in situ platforms for measurements regimes. is part a planned series that focuses on quantifying at scales modern turbines farms northern Indiana May 2012. Wind had following specific objectives: (i) intercomparison experiments evaluating speed profiles across turbine rotor plane from traditional cup anemometers vanes meteorological mast...

In September and October 2015, Equatorial Asia experienced the most intense biomass burning episodes over past two decades. These events, mostly enhanced by extremely dry weather associated with occurrence of strong El Niño conditions, resulted in transnational transport hazardous pollutants from originating sources Indonesian Borneo Sumatra to highly populated Malaysian Peninsula. Quantifying population exposure form this event is a major challenge, only model-based studies have been...

Abstract New particle formation (NPF), nucleation of condensable vapors to the solid or liquid phase, contributes significantly atmospheric aerosol number concentrations. With sufficient growth, these nucleated particles may be a significant source cloud condensation nuclei (CCN), thus altering albedo, structure, and lifetimes, insolation reaching Earth’s surface. Herein we present one first numerical experiments conducted at sufficiently high resolution fidelity quantify impact NPF on...

Abstract Atmospheric pollution from fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) is one of the major concerns in China because its widespread and harmful impacts on human health. In recent years, multiple studies have sought to estimate premature mortality burden exposure PM inform policy decisions. However, different modeling choices led a wide array results, with significant discrepancies both total confidence intervals. Here, we present new comprehensive assessment -related for China, which includes...

Abstract Aerosol properties and their climatic feedbacks are characterized by high uncertainty in both global regional model simulations. We explore sources of the representation aerosol using an ensemble simulations performed at 24‐km resolution with WRF‐Chem over eastern North America. The sensitivity optical depth (AOD) near‐surface fine particle concentrations (PM 2.5 ) to planetary boundary layer (PBL) schemes (modal secondary organic versus sectional but excluding aerosol), as well...

Abstract We present a new ensemble of 36 numerical experiments aimed at comprehensively gauging the sensitivity nested large-eddy simulations (LES) driven by large-scale dynamics. Specifically, we explore multiscale configurations Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model to simulate boundary layer flow over complex topography Perdigão field site, with five domains discretized horizontal resolutions ranging from 11.25 km 30 m. Each member has unique combination following input factors:...

Abstract A range of multi‐year observational data sets are used to characterize the hydroclimate Dallas Fort‐Worth area (DFW) and investigate impact urban land cover on daily accumulated precipitation, RADAR composite reflectivity (cREF), cloud top height (CTH) during warm season. Analyses indicate rainfall rates (RR) in a 45° annulus sector 50–100 km downwind city enhanced relative an upwind comparable size. Enhancement mean precipitation intensity this is not observed days with spatially...

Wind has the potential to make a significant contribution future energy resources. Locating sources of this renewable on global scale is however extremely challenging, given difficulty store very large data sets generated by modern computer models. We propose statistical model that aims at reproducing data-generating mechanism an ensemble runs via Stochastic Generator (SG) annual wind data. introduce evolutionary spectrum approach with spatially varying parameters based large-scale...

This paper explores the use of visualization through animations, coined visuanimation, in field statistics. In particular, it illustrates embedding animations itself and storage larger movies online supplemental material. We present results from statistics research projects using a variety visuanimations, ranging exploratory data analysis image sets to spatio‐temporal extreme event modelling; these include multiscale classification methods, study effects simulated explosive volcanic eruption...

Abstract. Assessing the ability of global and regional models to describe aerosol optical properties is essential reducing uncertainty in direct radiative forcing contemporary climate improving confidence future projections. Here we evaluate performance high-resolution simulations conducted using Weather Research Forecasting model with coupled Chemistry (WRF-Chem) capturing spatiotemporal variability depth (AOD) Ångström exponent (AE) by comparison ground- space-based remotely sensed...

Facing increasing domestic energy consumption from population growth and industrialization, Saudi Arabia is aiming to reduce its reliance on fossil fuels broaden mix by expanding investment in renewable sources, including wind energy. A preliminary task the development of infrastructure assessment potential, a key aspect which characterization spatio‐temporal behavior. In this study we examine impact internal climate variability seasonal power density fluctuations over using 30 simulations...

Abstract. Limited area (regional) models applied at high resolution over specific regions of interest are generally expected to more accurately capture the spatiotemporal variability key meteorological and climate parameters. However, improved performance is not inevitable, there remains a need optimize use numerical resources quantify impact on simulation fidelity that derives from increased resolution. The application regional for forcing assessment currently limited by lack studies...

Abstract Decades of research in spatial statistics have prompted the development a wide variety models and methods whose primary goal is optimal linear interpolation (kriging), as well sound assessment associated uncertainty (kriging variance). While kriging paramount importance for scientific investigations requiring high‐resolution maps, can be used other classes applications well. Indeed, new areas are emerging where main to simulate from statistical model parameters been estimated data....

Atmospheric pollution of particulate matter (PM) is a major concern for its deleterious effects on human health and climate. Over the past 50 years, Equatorial Asia has experienced significant land-use change urbanization, which have contributed to more intense frequent extreme PM concentrations associated with increased anthropogenic wildfire emissions. Recent advances in remote sensing instrumentation retrieval protocols enabled effective monitoring from space near real time almost global...