This paper addresses the problem of underestimated temperature measurements in practical proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyzer engineering due to heat losses by enhancing existing second-order RC equivalent circuit model PEM electrolyzers. We present a novel for electrolyzers, incorporating effects from gases and pipelines. The objective is enhance model's ability predict performance align control strategies with realities practice. However, complex, being time-varying nonlinear...

To enhance the utilization efficiency of wind and solar renewable energy in industrial parks, reduce operational costs, optimize charging experience for electric vehicle (EV) users, this paper proposes a real-time scheduling strategy based on “Dual Electricity Price Reservation—Surplus Refund Without Additional Charges Mechanism” (DPRSRWAC). The employs Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) to analyze EV users’ discharging behaviors within park, constructing behavior prediction model. It introduces...

With the increasing penetration of wind power in systems, uncertainties significantly challenge reliable and economic operation systems. Recently, worst scenario-based robust optimization approaches have been employed to manage unit commitment problem. To further improve robustness efficiency system operation, this article proposes a flexible risk-constrained formulation, which reserve capacities conventional generators energy storage are allocated cope with uncertainty power. The proposed...

High-voltage direct current (HVDC) sending systems have been the main means of renewable power cross-regional sharing and consumption. However, transient overvoltage problems restrict transmission capacity energy accommodation. The allocation wind–solar–thermal storage has become an important factor affecting safety stability sending. A planning method is proposed for a wind–solar–thermal-storage bundled HVDC system considering constraints. Firstly, based on quantile regression analysis...

After a fault occurs in distribution line, the transient information decays rapidly, effective time window for measuring and sampling is short. At same time, existence of timing errors between different devices also affects accuracy location. For this reason, paper proposes location method lines based on coordination primary secondary devices, provides steady-state by putting auxiliary inductors after tripping; asymmetric short-circuit faults, point voltage solved current at both end ratio...

The quasi-three-phase tripping strategy of the double-circuit transmission line can improve reliability power supply compared with traditional automatic reclosing strategy, but some complex types faults will still interrupt by whole phase, as well without distinguishing nature fault rectifying time, a secondary impact be caused to system if in permanent faults. To address above problems, smart and closing for line-to-line un-grounding wind farm based on phase voltage characteristics is...

The traditional distribution network reclosing uses automatic reclosing, which is simple and efficient, but when on a permanent fault, the system will again generate short-circuit current, have large impact equipment. As used without shunt reactor three-phase it leads to rapid decay of line electrical quantity after circuit breaker tripped, not conducive determination nature fault. In view above problems, this paper proposes an adaptive strategy based additional inductance, inductor...

Conventional flexible DC transmission lines can be blindly reclosed without distinguishing the nature of fault, and if they are in case a permanent resulting secondary overcurrent shock cause serious damage to costly fragile equipment. Therefore, an adaptive reclosing strategy for with additional test branch is proposed. The scheme adds large capacitor that re-integrated into system after trip injects electrical quantities line through as criterion. voltage transient fault remains basically...

When aground fault occurs on double-circuit wind power outgoing lines, the conventional tripping strategy may inject negative sequence components into system, as well traditional automatic reclosing scheme does not determine feature before reclosing, if it is reclosed to a permanent fault, stability of system will be affected. To solve above problems, an intelligent tripping-and-reclosing for grounding faults lines proposed, single-ended phase segregated switches are used in strategy....