A novel method is presented for controllably merging aqueous microdroplets within segmented flow microfluidic devices. Our approach involves exploiting the difference in hydrodynamic resistance of continuous phase and surface tension discrete through use passive structures contained a channel. Rows pillars separated by distances smaller than representative droplet dimension are installed fluidic network define elements or chambers. Initial experiments demonstrate that such element can adjust...

Human influenza viruses are known to bind sialic acid linked alpha2-6 galactose, but the binding specificity beyond that linkage has not been systematically examined. H3N2 human isolates lost chicken red cells in 1990s isolated since 2003 have re-acquired ability agglutinate erythrocytes. We investigated of binding, changes hemagglutinin sequence recent and role productive infection.Viruses agglutinate, or do show identical a Glycan Array 264 oligosaccharides, exclusively subset...

It is generally accepted that human influenza viruses bind glycans containing sialic acid linked α2-6 to the next sugar, avian α2-3 linkage, and mutations change binding specificity might host tropism. We noted H3N2 showed dramatic differences in their specificity, so we embarked on a study of representative viruses, isolated from 1968 2012, had been minimally passaged only mammalian cells, never eggs. The 45 were grown MDCK purified, fluorescently labeled screened Consortium for Functional...

Elucidating the chemical composition of microfluidic flows is crucial in both understanding and optimising reactive processes within small-volume environments. Herein we report implementation a novel detection methodology based on Attenuated Total Reflection (ATR)–Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) spectroscopic imaging using an infrared focal plane array detector for applications. The method combination inverted prism-shape ATR crystal with poly(dimethylsiloxane)-based mixing device. To...

ABSTRACT We have characterized monoclonal antibodies raised against the neuraminidase (NA) of a Sydney-like influenza virus (A/Memphis/31/98, H3N2) in reassortant A/NWS/33 HA -A/Mem/31/98 NA (H1N2) and nine escape mutants selected by these antibodies. Five use same heavy chain VDJ genes may not be independent. Another antibody, Mem5, uses V H J with different D gene isotype. Sequence changes occur two loops NA, at amino acid 198, 199, 220, or 221. These acids are located on opposite side...

Distinguishing specific cells is an essential technique in cell research and clinical diagnostics. We report a novel method to passively isolate extract microfluidic device. utilise droplet-based system generate aqueous two phase which droplets consist of phases the form double emulsion. Specifically, we PEG that completely encapsulate DEX within channel. Target can be introduced directly into driven partition more favourable phase, whilst still being contained droplet. Human T lymphoma...

Since the emergence of human H3N2 influenza A viruses in pandemic 1968, these have become established as strains moderate severity. decline virulence has been accompanied by glycan accumulation on hemagglutinin globular head, and receptor binding changed from recognition a broad spectrum receptors to narrower spectrum. The relationship between increased glycosylation, changes, reduction is not clear. We evaluated effect glycosylation engineered viruses. demonstrate that low-binding virus...

Influenza viruses initiate infection by attaching to sialic acid receptors on the surface of host cells. It has been recognized for some time that avian influenza usually bind terminal is linked in α2-3 configuration t

Both type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus (T1D T2D) are associated with poor bone health an increased risk of fracture in adults. However, there limited data regarding the effects on growing skeleton, particularly during adolescence, time peak mineral accretion. The purpose this study was to examine differences markers factors that influence White adolescents young adults well-controlled T1D (n = 17; Average A1C 7.45 ± 1.15%) control participants without 13). Age across both groups similar (17.41...

Foley catheters are assumed to drain the bladder completion. Drainage characteristics of catheter systems poorly understood. To investigate unrecognized retained urine with drainage systems, volumes hospitalized patients were measured scan ultrasound volumetrics. Additionally, an in vitro bench top mock and urinary system was developed understand etiology such residual volumes. A novel tube design that optimizes indwelling also designed.Bedside volumetric studies performed on ward intensive...

Secondary flows that are absent in Newtonian found for semidilute lambda -DNA solutions abrupt planar 90 degrees microbends at modest levels of elasticity. Flow visualization and microparticle image velocimetry experiments show a vortex, which is present the inner, upstream corner bend, grows with increasing Reynolds Weissenberg number (9.9x10;{-7}<Re<3.1x10;{-2},0.41<Wi<126) . The vortex growth quantified as function elasticity; high elasticity, occupies significant fraction channel...

Abstract Background Influenza viruses attach to cells via sialic acid receptors. The viral neuraminidase (NA) is needed remove acids so that newly budded virions can disperse. Known mechanisms of resistance NA inhibitors include mutations in the inhibitor binding site, or hemagglutinin reduce avidity for and therefore requirement activity. Results H3N2 isolates A/Oklahoma/323/03 (Fujian-like), A/Oklahoma/1992/05 (California-like), A/Oklahoma/309/06 (Wisconsin-like) lost activity on passage...

Mitochondrial mRNAs in Trypanosoma brucei undergo extensive insertion and deletion of uridylates that are catalyzed by the RNA editing core complex (RECC) directed hundreds small guide RNAs (gRNAs) base pair with mRNA. RECC is largely RNA-free, accessory mitochondrial RNA-binding 1 (MRB1) variants serve as scaffolds for assembly mRNA-gRNA hybrids RECC. However, molecular steps create higher-order holoenzymes ("editosomes") unknown. Previously, we identified an helicase 2-associated...

Views Icon Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Search Site Citation S. Gulati, C. Dutcher, D. Liepmann, J. Muller; Elastic secondary flows in sharp 90 degree micro-bends: A comparison of PEO DNA solutions. Rheol. 1 March 2010; 54 (2): 375–392. https://doi.org/10.1122/1.3308643 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote...

ABSTRACT The human parainfluenza virus (hPIV) hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) protein binds (H) oligosaccharide receptors that contain N -acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) and cleaves (N) Neu5Ac from these oligosaccharides. In order to determine if one of HN′s two functions is predominant, we measured the affinity H for its ligands by a solid-phase binding assay with glycoprotein substrates surface plasmon resonance three monovalent glycans. We compared dissociation constant ( K d ) values...

Adverse intrauterine environments can cause persistent changes in epigenetic profiles of stem cells, increasing susceptibility the offspring to developing metabolic diseases later life. Effective approaches restore landscape and function cells remain be determined. In this study, we investigated effects pharmaceutical activation AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), an essential regulator energy metabolism, on mitochondrial programming Wharton's Jelly mesenchymal (WJ-MSCs) from women with...

The flow of λ-DNA solutions in a gradual micro-contraction was investigated using direct measurement techniques. effects on DNA transport microscale flows are significant because the behavior is influenced by macromolecular conformations, both viscous and elastic forces dominate inertial at this length scale, fully extended molecule approaches characteristic channel wc (L/wc ∼ 0.13). This study examines semi-dilute entangled planar for low Reynolds numbers (3.7 × 10(-6 )< Re < 3.1 10(-1))...

Influenza A viruses of the H1N1 subtype have emerged from avian influenza gene pool in aquatic birds and caused human pandemics at least twice during past century. Despite this fact, surprisingly little is known about bird reservoir. preliminary study showed that an virus a shorebird Charadriiformes order was transmitted between animals through airborne route infection, whereas Anseriformes not. Here we show two three isolated species 2009 were five isolates The one failed to transmit...