The present study examined ethnic, gender, and age differences in perceived discrimination the association between psychological well-being a nationally representative sample of Black adolescents. Data are from National Survey African Life (NSAL), which includes 810 American 360 Caribbean youth. Results indicate that majority youth at least 1 discriminatory incident previous year. Adolescents later stages development more than those earlier stages, males their female counterparts....

Cluster analytic methods were used to create 4 theorized ethnic identity statuses (achieved, foreclosed, moratorium, and diffused) among 940 African American adolescents (13–17 years old), college students (18–23 adults (27–78 old). Evidence for the existence of was found across 3 age groups. The distribution individuals differed by group, with older participants disproportionately occupying more mature statuses. Identity status related content such that achieved reported higher levels...

The present study examined whether combinations of ethnicity, gender and age moderated the association between perceived discrimination psychological well-being indicators (depressive symptoms, self-esteem life satisfaction) in a nationally representative sample Black youth.The data were from National Survey African Life (NSAL), which includes 810 American 360 Caribbean adolescents.The results indicated main effects such that was linked to increased depressive decreased...

This study tested the longitudinal association between perceptions of racial discrimination and identity among a sample 219 African American adolescents, aged 14 to 18. Structural equation modeling was used test relations dimensions, namely, centrality, private regard, public regard at 3 time points. The results indicated that perceived Time 1 negatively linked 2. Nested analyses using age were conducted, 2 older adolescents. findings imply is negative views broader society has Americans.

The study presented here examined school context as a moderator in the relation between daily perceptions of racial discrimination and depressive symptoms. sample included 75 Black adolescents who completed surveys for 14 days. results indicated that approximately 97% reported experiencing at least one discriminatory experience over 2-week period. During diary period, average was 26 experiences with 2.5 events. were linked to increased symptoms on following day. This apparent youth attending...

In 1996, Cynthia García Coll and colleagues introduced a groundbreaking model that articulated factors influenced the development of ethnic-racial minority immigrant youth. One key arguments was racial discrimination is stratification mechanism resulting in negative developmental outcomes for youth, this argument has been supported by several meta-analyses. Against backdrop rise White nationalism, increasing hate crimes against individuals, implementation national policies disproportionately...

The present study examined daily ethnic/racial identity as a moderator for racial discrimination. idiographic approach was used to understand when Black youth are at risk negative outcomes in the context of current assessed if within-person changes centrality, private regard, and public regard moderated relation between discrimination depressive symptoms. Daily measures discrimination, identity, symptoms were administered sample 103 adolescents 2 weeks. results suggest that neither...

Although the identity formation model is widely used to assess adolescent ethnic development, propositions have rarely been tested. The existence of statuses (diffuse, foreclosed, moratorium, achieved), proposed developmental trajectories, and whether youth in achieved status report higher levels psychological well‐being were examined among a longitudinal sample 224 African American adolescents, aged 11–17. Cluster analyses create 4 consistent with theoretical at both time points. findings...

The present study examined the relation between multiple types of racial discrimination and psychological well-being across identity profiles. A sample 322 African American adolescents completed measures identity, discrimination, self-esteem depressive symptoms. Cluster analyses were conducted to create previously identified profiles 3 evident: Buffering/Defensive, Alienated, Idealized. moderated perceptions such that linked higher levels symptoms for Alienated youth but not...

This study examined a moderated mediation model among 314 Black adolescents aged 13-18. The included general coping strategies (e.g., active, distracting, avoidant, and support-seeking strategies) as mediators racial identity dimensions (racial centrality, private regard, public minority, assimilationist, humanist ideologies) moderators of the relation between perceived discrimination depressive symptoms. Moderated if symptoms varied by moderators. Results revealed that avoidant mediated...

This study examined the influence of racial identity in longitudinal relation between perceptions discrimination and psychological well-being for approximately 560 African American youth. Latent curve modeling (LCM) parallel process multiple-indicator LCMs with latent moderators were used to assess whether predicted intercept (initial levels) slope (rate change) over time, moderates these relations. The results indicated that adolescents who reported higher responses frequency levels at...

The present study examined perceptions of racial discrimination and socialization on identity development among 566 African American adolescents over 3 years. Latent class analyses were used to estimate statuses (Diffuse, Foreclosed, Moratorium, Achieved). probabilities transitioning from one stage another with latent transition determine the likelihood youth progressing, regressing, or remaining constant. Racial as covariates assess association changes in status. results indicated that not...

For many Black adolescents, racial discrimination increases the risk of developing adverse psychological outcomes. The purpose this study is to investigate interrelationships among religious involvement, discrimination, and outcomes a nationally representative sample African American adolescents Caribbean from National Survey Life. Multiple regression models were used determine interactive effects involvement experiences on adolescents’ Findings indicate that was protective factor for but...

This article examines the origin and scholarly impact of Dr. Margaret Beale Spencer's phenomenological variant ecological systems theory (PVEST). We expound on her early foundational work replicating Clark (1950) doll study research during period "Atlanta's missing murdered children." As a conceptual template, we anchor theoretical contribution as introducing phenomenology "net vulnerability" factors that inform "emerging identities." Highlighted focuses synergistic themes associated with...

The association of kin social support with mothers' adjustment and family relations was assessed among 204 African American mothers adolescents who were on average 14.45 years age. Also examined the adolescents' adjustment. Findings revealed that emotional positively associated optimism. Poor depression. Kin advice counseling linked to routine. parent/adolescent communication problems. Mothers' optimism routine mediated Parent/adolescent problems findings discussed in light their for...

Among 224 African American adolescents (mean age = 14), the associations between interracial and intraracial contact school‐level diversity on changes in racial identity over a 3‐year period were examined. Youths determined to be diffused, foreclosed, moratorium, or achieved, change stability status was Contact with Black students, friends, White friends predicted status. Furthermore, racially diverse schools, having more associated stability. Students reporting low students schools likely...

In this theoretical analysis, we discuss the attributional and enactment approaches to identity present a new ethnic-racial model derived from extant theory research. We highlight modes of work that provide (1) self-concept self-esteem protection; (2) achievement success during everyday encounters; (3) sense belonging attachment one's ascriptive group; (4) relation between internalized oppression racism in exchanges. integration mechanisms with mindsets intentions specific dynamics. The...

This study employed an exploratory sequential mixed‐methods design to examine the intersection of race and gender among Black American adolescents, aged 11–19. The quantitative component ( n = 344) used survey data differences in peer‐perpetrated adult‐perpetrated racial discrimination experiences, no were evident. Qualitative 42) probed how males females interpret experiences given gender. Although majority participants believed that have similar some face more discrimination. However,...

Racial discrimination is conceptualized as a psychosocial stressor that has negative implications for mental health. However, factors related to racial identity may influence whether experiences are interpreted instances of and subsequently reported such in survey instruments, particularly given the ambiguous nature contemporary racism. Along these lines, dimensions moderate associations between health outcomes. This study examined relationships discrimination, identity, implicit bias,...

Objectives The present study examined the daily relation between racial discrimination experiences and diurnal cortisol patterns among a sample of Black American adults. diary approach afforded chance to examine how within-person fluctuations in related same- next-day changes patterns. use lagged examines whether exposure results diminished outcomes. It was expected that healthy levels ethnic-racial identity would moderate parameters. Method participants included 93 adults (e.g., 20 males 73...