This study proposes a conceptual framework for institutional processes shaping social enterprise that spans regional differences in the term. Over time, countries and regions have come to identify different definitions concepts with term enterprise, leading debate among researchers practitioners on how define concept. Rather than narrow definition, this draws theory of historical institutionalism, national-level empirical data, country descriptions construct informs models found...

This article examines whether there has been an increase in nonprofit commercial revenue and if so declines government grants private contributions were behind the rise. A number of scholars have held that activity increased significantly during 1980s 1990s. Following on resource dependency theory, they suggest nonprofits use income as a replacement for lost grant revenue. However, authors against this thesis provided little empirical evidence to test these claims. study uses Internal...

This study conducts a comparative analysis of social enterprise intermediaries in China and India to better understand how they legitimize enterprises new settings. To address theoretical weakness this sphere, it combines several institutional theories capture disruptions created by innovation also legitimizing processes. Drawing on data collected from surveys, interviews, websites each country, finds that mitigate negative leverage positive influences external institutions though their...

In this Special Issue, we hope to reframe the conversation about context and bring back front centre of our way knowing theorizing in field social entrepreneurship. We philosophize then propose a typology entrepreneurship (broadly defined) identify domains that constitute existing fertile areas for future research. reflect on six papers special issue relation conclude with several points their novel contributions theory, practice policy

Abstract This paper explores whether nonprofits are increasingly adopting mixed revenue strategies, and the sustainability of these strategies over time. We constructed a panel using NCCS data from 1998 2007, divided into three groups: Commercial, Donative, Mixed Revenue. found no evidence that strategies. appeared less sustainable time than predominately commercial or donative Our results suggest for most nonprofits, relying on either (DR) is more stable equilibrium attempting to achieve...

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide the first large data-set regression analysis test Kerlin’s (2013) macro-institutional social enterprise framework in relation country models that flow from it. Kerlin offers a conceptual for allows countries retain their unique understanding and better understand factors influencing its development. Design/methodology/approach This draws on theory historical institutionalism multiple global datasets formal hypotheses relationship between size...

In China, the development of social enterprises based on Western concepts marked entrance an institutional innovation with strong forces working against its survival. This study examines how in China persisted face high isomorphic pressures that urged their conformity existing institutions Drawing 41 surveys we find they survived by resisting negative while simultaneously conforming others for increased legitimation. Thus, extend theorization testing a setting important implications...

This article examines nonprofit environmental groups to demonstrate the impact of Internal Revenue Service (IRS) and Federal Election Commission (FEC) regulation on organizations interested in advocacy work. encourages nonprofits extended form additional, related tax-exempt entities, creating complex structures. Although regulatory barriers charitable lobbying have received some attention, little has been written how policy shapes organizational structures, finances, programming involved...

Purpose This paper aims to improve upon the initial quantitative assessment of Kerlin’s macro-institutional social enterprise (MISE) framework (Monroe-White et al., 2015) test for effect country-level institutions on sector. Major improvements are inclusion civil society variable and expansion culture component in analysis. Design/methodology/approach By following (2013) original work that draws theory historical institutionalism, this employs multi-level regression analysis institutional...

Abstract This article analyzes the impact of a number external events on major funding streams for U.S.‐based international nongovernmental organizations (INGOs) to inform government and organizational policy relevant INGO managers. The first years twenty‐first century saw three that influenced financing: 2001 economic downturn, shift in U.S. foreign following terrorist attacks September 11, 2001, 2004 East Asian tsunami. Drawing data from National Center Charitable Statistics, this study...

The Role of NGOs in South Africa, Tajikistan, and Argentina, provides a fascinating study into the behind-thescenes role local national process democratization.Drawing on 103 field interviews five meetings with NGO representatives across three countries, Fisher fills details work this area that have long been missing from our picture civil society its participation direct democracy-building.She looks particular at how these organizations are drawing both imported indigenous democratic ideas...