In this study, the calendar aging of lithium-ion batteries is investigated at different temperatures for 16 states charge (SoCs) from 0 to 100%. Three types 18650 cells, containing cathode materials, have been examined. Our study demonstrates that does not increase steadily with SoC. Instead, plateau regions, covering SoC intervals more than 20%–30% cell capacity, are observed wherein capacity fade similar. Differential voltage analyses confirm mainly caused by a shift in electrode...

Second-life applications of automotive lithium-ion batteries are currently investigated for grid stabilization. Reutilization depends on reliable projections the remaining useful life. However, reports sudden degradation lithium-ion-cells near 80% state health challenge these extrapolations. Sudden was demonstrated different positive active materials. This work elucidates cause in detail. As part a larger study nonlinear degradation, in-depth analyses cells with residual capacities...

This paper presents a lithium-ion battery aging study in which pouch cells comprising LiCoO2/LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 blended cathode and graphite anode are examined. The focuses on the impact of temperature discharge rate cycle life tested cells. Compared to behavior other literature, here less sensitive but more vulnerable low cycling. vulnerability mainly comes from degradation, especially LiCoO2 component. is identified by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, differential voltage...

Abstract Die Dekarbonisierung, die Vermeidung von Abfällen und Reduktion des Primärenergiebedarfs stellen zentrale Herausforderungen dar, denen sich der Bausektor muss. Um den Übergang zu zukunftsfähigen Bauweisen erfolgreich gestalten, ist u. a. Substitution emissionsintensiver, mineralischer Baustoffe durch biogene Materialien entscheidender Bedeutung. Diese Entwicklung erfordert systemisches Denken Handeln, das Verfügbarkeit Regenerierbarkeit Ressourcen sowohl in Gegenwart als auch...

Abstract In two‐phase capillary flow, Taylor and Dean vortices can enhance mass transfer according to recent studies. By utilizing a colorimetric method based on the consecutive oxidation of leuco‐indigo carmine it is possible visualize superposition in gas‐liquid system. A kinetic study performed order estimate enhancement factor. Depending flow conditions, three different regimes are identified with intensities affecting oxygen distribution within liquid phase. dimensionless number derived...

Soft errors are a challenging and urging problem in the domain of safety-critical embedded systems. For decades, checking schemes have been investigated improved to mitigate soft-error effects for class control-flow faults, with current industrial standards strongly recommending their use. However, reality looks different: Taking systems perspective, we implemented four representative Control-Flow Checking (CFC) put them through paces 396 fault-injection campaigns. In contrast previous work,...

Abstract The circular economy can pave the way to achieve ambitious sustainability goals. A major perpetrator of resource and material waste is building sector. lot research results already provide innovative technologies solutions for construction. However, what many initiatives in construction sector have common, a certain malaise moving from pilot projects with high individual engagement actions on larger scale. Prefabricated timber one most promising key towards more efficient Europe....

The static timing analysis of universal real-time operating systems (RTOS) with generically implemented services requires application and system-context-specific knowledge (e.g., number currently active tasks) to bound overheads. However, due the missing notion OS semantics, contemporary tools are unable exploit such information, resulting in failing or overly pessimistic analysis. To tackle this issue, we present our System-wide WCET Analyses framework (SWAN). SWAN's heart is Platina, a...

The application of stationary battery storage systems in distribution grids can serve different purposes. Especially grid areas with a high photovoltaic penetration, increase the level self-sufficiency for consumers using privately owned as well offload times generation order to reduce necessary reinforcement. A further scenario is provision control power stabilizing frequency. Storage fulfill single individual abovementioned tasks combination several ones, which may result variety load...

Abstract We have performed a theoretical analysis of current transport in oligophenylenvinylene (OPV) molecules based on the density functional tight‐binding (DFTB) method, extended to non‐equilibrium Green's functions (NEGF) for self‐ consistent computation charge and electronic transport. The results illustrate importance molecular features such as thiols bridges functionalization groups determining characteristics single molecules. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

The widespread adoption of cyber-physical systems in the safety-critical (hard real-time) domain is accompanied by a rising degree code-reuse up to actual software product lines spanning different hardware platforms. Nevertheless, dominant tools for static worst-case execution-time (WCET) analysis operate on individual, specific system instances at binary level, further depending machine-code–level annotations precise analysis. Thus, this timing verification neither portable nor reusable.

Lithium-ion batteries have great potential in electromobility and stationary applications. Reusing aged from cars 2 nd -life-applications could lower cost ecological impact. For such usage scenarios, information on the expected remaining lifetime at takeover is critical. Current aging studies focus mostly behavior above 80 % residual capacity. Nonetheless, some report an abrupt acceleration of rate upon prolonged testing [1-4]. These results may challenge second life scenarios due to...

In most battery applications, idle periods are considerably longer than operating periods, in which the batteries charged or discharged. Thus, calendar aging during has a substantial impact on life various such as electric vehicles, power tools, and stationary storage systems. Experimental For different commercial 18650 lithium-ion cells with graphite anode NMC, NCA, LFP cathode, we investigated at temperatures, states-of-charge (SoC), periods. our study, used fine SoC resolution 16 values...