This study assessed the effects of flunixin meglumine (FM) and a local anesthetic block (LA) on postcastration performance, plasma cortisol concentration, behavior in dairy calves. Thirty 2- to 3-mo-old Holstein-Friesian bull calves were allocated 5 treatments: castration with LA (2% lidocaine injected into testes subcutaneously), FM (1.1 mg/kg, i.v.), LA+FM, without drugs (CC), sham (SC). Castration was performed using Newberry knife Henderson castrating tool. Feed intake body weight gain...

Abstract The AIFARMS Artificial Intelligence for Future Agricultural Resilience, Management, and Sustainability national AI institute brings together over 40 world‐class agriculture researchers, with the common mission to develop foundational advances in use them ensure that future is environmentally friendly, sustainable, affordable, accessible diverse farming communities. Since its establishment 2020, has advanced state of art autonomous farming, cover crop planting, machine learning...

Ammonia (NH3) is a potential health hazard to both humans and animals, causing local systemic low-grade inflammation based on its levels exposure durations. The objective of this study was examine the effects 45 wk 30 ppm NH3 concentrations acute-phase proteins, immunoglobulins, cytokines in laying hens. At 18 age, group Hy-Line W-36 hens randomly assigned 4-hen cages. These cages were evenly divided between 2 environmentally controlled chambers. 25 one chamber maintained continuously with...

Abstract The metabolic heat production of modern pigs has increased by an average 16%, compared with sows 30 years ago. Therefore, it is likely that temperature recommendations require updating to meet the needs pigs. objective this study was evaluate whether different reproductive stages altered thermal preference and if current required updating. Twenty multiparous (3.4 ± 1.2 parity) in (nonpregnant: n = 7; mid-gestation: 58.5 5.68 d, 6; late-gestation: 104.7 2.8 7) were tested. Thermal...

In this field observational study, 3 types of laying-hen houses, namely, high-rise (HR), manure-belt (MB), and cage-free floor-raised (FR), were monitored for air temperature, RH, CO2, atmospheric NH3 under winter summer conditions in Iowa. Under conditions, the HR MB houses had more comfortable temperature levels (mean 24.6 20.6°C, maximum 9 to 24 ppm NH3, respectively) than FR 15.5°C 85 89 respectively), house varied with outside conditions. showed least increase above ambient 0.3°C vs....

Image processing systems have been widely used in monitoring livestock for many applications, including identification, tracking, behavior analysis, occupancy rates, and activity calculations. The primary goal of this work was to quantify image performance when laying hens by comparing length stay each compartment as detected the system with actual occurrences registered human observations. In work, an implemented evaluated use environmental animal preference chamber detect hen navigation...

Transport is a critical factor in modern pork production and can seriously affect swine welfare. While previous research has explored thermal conditions during transport, the impact of extreme weather on trailer environment under industry practices not been well documented; factors impacting microclimate are understood. To assess transport events, an instrumentation system was designed installed at central ceiling level, pig level floor-level each six zones inside commercial trailer....

A computational fluid dynamic (CFD) study is combined with an experimental program to develop a model of burning rate and extinction in fires.The ultimate objective predict extinguishment by water droplets thereby determine the requirement for actual fires. The experimental,program conducted full-size fire gallery commercial sprinkler system installed roof. Water droplet size distribution, velocities mass flux from are measured as inputs computations. Horizontal sheets polymethylmethacrylate...

Current and relevant heat moisture production data for laying hens are necessary sizing operating ventilation systems commercial layer housing. Different stocking densities being adopted in cage facilities, but there is a lack of information concerning the potential impacts these changes on environmental control. A study was conducted with 24 groups 48 (39 to 46 weeks old) compare production, via indirect calorimetry, four different (348, 387, 465, or 581 cm2 hen-1; 54, 60, 72, 90 in.2...

Gestating sows may be more susceptible to increasing dry bulb temperatures (TDB) due greater metabolic heat production and increased body mass, especially as gestation advances. However, there are few studies on the thermoregulatory physiological responses of at differing stages exposed gradually temperatures. The study objective was determine nonpregnant (n = 12; parity 3.27 ± 0.86), mid-gestation (59.7 9.6 d pregnant, n 3.25 0.83), late-gestation (99.0 4.8 3.33 0.75) TDB. Prior experiment...

Background and Objective: Ammonia (NH 3 ) is one of the most prominent aerial pollutants inside poultry barns, affecting chicken health well-being based on its level exposure duration.The aim this study was to investigate effect 30 ppm NH immune response laying hens.Methodology: Hy-Line W-36 hens at 18 weeks age were randomly assigned 4 hen cages evenly distributed two controlled environment chambers.Beginning 25 age, chamber maintained continuously with fresh air < 5 ppm; control group)...

The number of animals required to represent the collective characteristics a group remains concern in animal movement monitoring with GPS. Monitoring subset from instead all can reduce costs and labor; however, incomplete data may cause information losses inaccuracy subsequent analyses. In cattle studies, little work has been conducted determine within needed be instrumented considering Two different groups (a mixed 24 beef cows heifers, another 8 cows) were monitored GPS collars at 4 min...

Housing pigs within their thermal comfort zone positively impacts productivity and performance. However, fundamental information on behavioral thermoregulatory responses of individual group-housed is meager. As a gregarious species, prefer to be near one another, touching often huddling. huddle together, they decrease heat loss the environment by decreasing exposed surface area increasing mass. Additionally, gain weight rapidly as age. an grows, ability withstand lower temperatures...

Sectors of the U.S. cage layer industry have begun adopting practices reduced stocking density (i.e., increased floor space per hen) and varying group sizes. This study was conducted with 24 groups 48 W-36 laying hens (39 to 46 weeks old) assess effects or (SD) (348, 387, 465, 581 cm2 hen-1; 54, 60, 72, 90 in.2 hen-1) size (GS) (8 16 cage) on ability cope heat challenge. Data were collected at thermoneutral (24C 76F) warm conditions (32C 90F, followed by 35C 95F). No differences in core body...

An environmental preference test chamber (EPTC) was designed, constructed, and utilized in an initial for response of laying hens to atmospheric ammonia. The EPTC featured four interconnected, individually ventilated clear acrylic compartments. Each compartment contained a wire-mesh cage that divided into two sections, one section used bird navigate between the compartments other three stimulus birds reside each compartment. designed assess individual without isolation effects. dividers may...

Extreme weather conditions challenge pig thermoregulation during transport and are addressed by the National Pork Board (NPB) Transport Quality Assurance® (TQA) program that provides guidelines for trailer boarding, bedding, misting. These widely applied, yet very little is known about microenvironment within trailer. In this study, TQA (V4) were evaluated via extensive thermal environment measurements in order to evaluate spatial variability implications on ventilation pattern. Effects of...