A5006163082- HIV Research and Treatment
- HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment
- HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
- Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia detection and treatment
- HIV, Drug Use, Sexual Risk
- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Cytomegalovirus and herpesvirus research
- Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology
- Immune Cell Function and Interaction
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
- Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies
- Influenza Virus Research Studies
- Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health
- Animal Virus Infections Studies
- Bacteriophages and microbial interactions
- Ferrocene Chemistry and Applications
- Respiratory viral infections research
- HIV-related health complications and treatments
- COVID-19 epidemiological studies
- Autoimmune and Inflammatory Disorders Research
- Parvovirus B19 Infection Studies
- Infectious Diseases and Tuberculosis
- interferon and immune responses
- Gut microbiota and health
- RNA Interference and Gene Delivery
National Hospital Organization
2012-2025
Nagoya Medical Center
2014-2025
The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
2019
Nagoya University
2012-2017
Toyobo (Japan)
1997
The number of genetic variations in the SARS-CoV-2 genome has been increasing primarily due to continuous viral mutations. Here, we report that human APOBEC3A (A3A) cytidine deaminase plays a critical role induction C-to-U substitutions genome. Bioinformatic analysis chronological changes sequence database indicated largest UC-to-UU mutation signature, consistent with APOBEC-recognized nucleotide motifs, was predominant single-stranded RNA regions In SARS-CoV-2-infected cells, exogenous...
ORF8 is an accessory protein encoded by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Consensus regarding the biological functions of lacking, largely because fundamental characteristics this in cells have not been determined. To clarify these features, we herein established expression system 293T cells. Using system, approximately 41% expressed were secreted extracellularly as a glycoprotein homodimer with inter/intramolecular disulfide bonds. Intracellular was sensitive to...
ABSTRACT The human cellular cytidine deaminases APOBEC3s (A3s) inhibit virion infectivity factor (Vif)-deficient HIV-1 replication. However, virus-encoded Vifs abolish this defense system by specifically recruiting A3s to an E3 ubiquitin ligase complex induce their degradation. highly conserved Vif PPLP motif is critical for the Vif-mediated antagonism of and believed be important multimerization. how dictates functions remains unclear. Here, we aimed elucidate mechanism using biochemical...
Abstract In HIV-1-infected patients, antiretroviral therapy (ART) is a key factor that may impact commensal microbiota and cause the emergence of side effects. However, it not fully understood how long-term ART regimens have diverse impacts on microbial compositions over time. Here, we performed 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing fecal salivary microbiomes in patients under different ART. We found ART, especially conventional nucleotide/nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI)-based...
No updated data on people living with HIV (PLHIV) in Japan have been available since 2015, leaving a critical gap understanding the current status of care and treatment. Therefore, this study aimed to conduct nationwide evaluation second third goals “90-90-90 target” defined by UNAIDS between 2016 2020. The utilized from approximately 360 core hospitals through structured questionnaires National Database Health Insurance Claims Specific Checkups (NDB). Key findings revealed that over 95%...
There were five epidemic waves of coronavirus disease 2019 in Japan between 2020 and 2021. It remains unclear how the domestic arose abated. To better understand this, we analyzed pangenomic sequences severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) characterized molecular epidemiological features Japan. In this study, performed deep sequencing to determine SARS-CoV-2 1,286 samples collected two cities far from each other, Tokyo Metropolis Nagoya. Then, spatiotemporal genetic changes...
Late diagnosis of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a major concern epidemiologically, socially and for national healthcare systems. Although association certain demographics with late HIV has been reported in several studies, other factors, including clinical phylogenetic remains unclear. In present study, we conducted nationwide analysis to explore demographics, HIV-1 subtypes/circulating recombinant form (CRFs) genetic clustering Japan, where new infections mainly occur among...
The human APOBEC3 (A3) family (A, B, C, DE, F, G, and H) comprises host defense factors that potently inhibit the replication of diverse retroviruses, retrotransposons, other viral pathogens. HIV-1 has a counterstrategy includes expressing Vif protein to abrogate A3 antiviral function. Without Vif, proteins, particularly APOBEC3G (A3G) APOBEC3F (A3F), by blocking reverse transcription and/or integration hypermutating nascent cDNA. molecular mechanisms this activity have been primarily...
APOBEC3H (A3H) is a mammal-specific cytidine deaminase that potently restricts the replication of retroviruses. Primate A3Hs are known to exert key selective pressures against cross-species transmission primate immunodeficiency viruses from chimpanzees humans. Despite recent advances, molecular structures underlying functional mechanisms have not been fully understood. Here, we reveal 2.20-Å crystal structure chimpanzee A3H (cpzA3H) dimer bound short double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), which...
HIV-1 drug resistance genotypic tests have primarily been performed by Sanger sequencing of gene segments encoding different target proteins. Since the number targets has increased with addition a new class antiretroviral drugs, simple high-throughput system for assessing nucleotide sequences throughout genome is required. Here, we developed solution using nanopore viral pangenomes amplified PCR. Benchmark molecular clones demonstrated an accuracy up to 99.9%. In addition, validation our...
Objective The human APOBEC3 family of proteins potently restricts HIV-1 replication APOBEC3B, one the genes, is frequently deleted in populations. Two previous studies reached inconsistent conclusions regarding effects APOBEC3B loss on acquisition and pathogenesis. Therefore, it was necessary to verify infection vivo. Methods Intact (I) deletion (D) polymorphisms were analyzed using PCR. syphilis, HBV HCV rates, as well CD4+ T cell counts viral loads compared among three genotype groups...
High genetic diversity, including the emergence of recombinant forms (RFs), is one most prominent features human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Conventional detection HIV-1 RFs requires pretreatments, i.e., cloning or single-genome amplification, to distinguish them from dual- multiple-infection variants. However, these processes are time-consuming and labor-intensive. Here, we constructed a new nanopore sequencing-based platform that enables us obtain distinctive information for...
Human APOBEC3G is a host defense factor that potently inhibits HIV replication. We hypothesize HIV-infected children with genetic variant of will have more rapid disease progression.Antiretroviral therapy (ART)-naïve children, aged 1-12 years old CD4 15-24% and without severe HIV-related symptoms were enrolled. The had CD4% absolute counts every 12 weeks HIV-RNA 24 until 144 weeks. ART was started when declined to < 15% or AIDS-related events developed.APOBEC3G variants performed by...
Abstract Background Integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs) are recommended as first-line ART for people living with HIV (PLWH) in most guidelines. The INSTI-resistance-associated mutation E157Q, a highly prevalent (2%–5%) polymorphism of the HIV-1 (human immunodeficiency virus type 1) integrase gene, has limited data on optimal regimens. We assessed virological outcomes various regimens PLWH E157Q real-world settings. Methods A multicentre retrospective observational study was...
Antiretroviral therapy (ART) against HIV-1 infection offers the promise of controlling disease progression and prolonging survival HIV-1-infected patients. However, even most potent ART regimens available today cannot cure HIV-1. Because patients will be exposed to for many years, physicians researchers must anticipate emergence drug-resistant HIV-1, potential adverse effects current drugs, need future drug development. In this study, we screened a small-molecule compound library using...
For individuals living with HIV, disclosure of HIV status to their partners can be a source psychological and emotional stress. Minimal information about serostatus is available for young men who have sex (YMSM). This study examined the social sexual among YMSM using network data. Respondent-driven sampling was used collect data from aged 16–29 in Houston, Texas Chicago, Illinois. Social 746 respondents 2035 and/or were collected 2014 2016, whom 27.9% seropositive, 9.4% being both sexually...
This report examines the characteristics and treatment outcomes of patients with tuberculosis (TB) who are coinfected HIV in Japan. Active TB cases newly notified to Japan Tuberculosis Surveillance system during 2012-2020 were analysed retrospectively, which 379 HIV-positive reported. The proportion among those known status increased, from 1.9% (62/3328) 2012 3.5% (31/877) 2020. unknown testing was consistently high, at approximately 60%, did not undergo increased significantly, 21.6%...
Aim: To evaluate the effect of APOBEC3G host factor on HIV/AIDS progression in perinatally HIV-infected Thai and Cambodian children with distinct clinical patterns; rapid progressors (RPs) long-term nonprogressors (LTNPs). Materials & methods: genotypes were determined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism DNA samples. APOBEC3G-mediated G-to-A hypermutations analyzed sequencing vif/vpu genes from proviral DNA. Results: Frequency 186H/R genotypes, AA:AG:GG, RPs...
The early initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in HIV-infected patients shortly after the treatment for Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) has not been fully validated a clinical setting. We retrospectively extracted all diagnosed with HIV-related PCP (HIV-PCP), including those severe cases, who were treated first-line ART our hospital. HIV-PCP divided into two groups: an group (patients commenced within 21 days start treatment) and deferred started 22 days). compared incidence AIDS...
本調査研究は東海ブロックで流行しているHIVに対し，インテグラーゼ領域の遺伝子多型と薬剤耐性変異の経年的動向を調査した．HIV/AIDS診療拠点病院（東海）に来院した新規HIV-1サブタイプB感染症例をドルテグラビル承認前（2009～2013年）と承認後（2014～2017年）の2群に分け解析を行った．...