Family firms take different strategic actions because of their desire to grow and preserve socioemotional wealth (SEW), but pursuing SEW also generates what we call resources that deliver advantages in certain contexts. We develop test this idea with respect corporate social responsibility (CSR). theorize such as reputation, strong stakeholder relationships, long-term orientation help family better leverage symbolic CSR enhance short-term firm performance substantive performance. Regression...

Life cycle assessment (LCA) was applied to evaluate black soldier fly production using different diets, including typical Belgian agro-residues (Brussels sprout stems, endive roots and solid fraction pig manure). The LCA compared insect-based feed with soybean meal fishmeal, composting through insects versus conventional treatments. Underlying data were derived feeding experiments. To determine the sensitivity of results, we tested effect alternative energy sources dietary components....

Phosphate rock (PR) has been designated as a Critical Raw Material in the European Union (EU). This led to increased emphasis on alternative P recovery (APR) from secondary streams like wastewater sludge (WWS). However, WWS end-use is contentious topic, and EU member states prefer different pathways (land application/incineration/valorisation cement kilns). Previous Life Cycle Assessments (LCA) APRs reached contrasting conclusions; while most considered waste highlighted net benefit relative...

<title>Abstract</title> Nutrient leaching from agriculture significantly impacts livestock-dominated regions, surpassing local tipping points. Current nutrient policies are insufficient and cost-inefficient. We addressed this by combining spatial damage internalization with model-based manure fertilization strategy optimisation. Our findings emphasize the need for additional treatment in sensitive regions to lower societal costs. Despite reducing costs, greenhouse gas emissions doubled,...

Prior research treats corporate social responsibility (CSR) as a unitary construct. Using principal component analysis, we show that CSR activities can be divided into two types: responsive (RCSR), which includes initiatives address specific concerns caused by firm activity, and adaptive (ACSR), are anticipate before they arise. We find motives roughly three times more dominant than motives. Larger firms, older diversified firms invest in RCSR while younger focused tend to ACSR.

Purpose – This study aims to explore information asymmetry (IA) (as measured by the adverse selection component of bid-ask spread) around S&amp;P 500 revisions. Design/methodology/approach The authors use cost trading measures examine effects index composition changes on environment from 2001 2010. Findings find that significantly decreases post-addition and increases post-deletion. However, intraday price dynamics additions seem be distinct those deletions index. event period cumulative...

Life cycle assessment (LCA) was applied to evaluate duckweed ponds and constructed wetlands as polishing steps in pig manure liquid fraction treatment. Using nitrification-denitrification (NDN) of the starting point, LCA compared direct land application NDN effluent with different combinations ponds, discharge into natural waterbodies. Duckweed are viewed a viable tertiary treatment option potential remedy for nutrient imbalances areas intense livestock farming, such Belgium. As stays pond,...

The absence of teeth from birth, also known as congenitally missing (CMT) or hypodontia, is quite common, and generally, treatment expensive. Patients with can have more than just a poor appearance. They might experience malaligned teeth, gum damage, jawbone growth, trouble chewing, unclear speech, other issues. Treatment often expensive involves multiple specialties. This common but costly issue important to many dental specialties, including orthodontics, pediatric dentistry,...

This study examines the impact of CEO and CFO gender on firm performance, with a focus family firms. Family firms strategic decision-making tendency to pass next generations which includes appointment top executives. Since are more likely appoint member as or CFO, common gender-based discriminatory practices play lesser role in these decisions. Our results indicate that non-family female CEOs CFOs outperform those male CFOs. However, contrast firms, performance does not vary based CFO....

This case report details the comprehensive management of a six-year-old child diagnosed with early childhood caries (ECC), prevalent condition affecting young children. The patient presented acute pain in lower left quadrant jaw, specifically involving deciduous mandibular first molar (tooth D), which exhibited Class II caries. A prompt intervention was necessary to prevent further decaying tooth and manage child's discomfort. treatment strategy focused on minimally invasive approach,...

The study assesses the financial performance of VMS Agency, Tindivanam, over a five-year span (2019–2024). identifies areas strength, and for health improvement using important tools analysis like ratio analysis, trend Vertical analysis. result shows resurgence in profitability, liquidity, operational effectiveness solvency. In order to enhance overall performance, this paper makes strategic recommendations. research focuses on analyzing secondary data, including annual reports, statements.

This study investigates the growth trends in deposits and lending loans at Puduvai Bharathiar Grama Bank (PBGB), a prominent regional rural bank Puducherry. With focus on analyzing bank's financial performance over last decade, research examines key factors influencing both

This paper tracks the performance of order-imbalance based, momentum type trading strategy in stock market. Buying previous day’s heavily bought stocks and selling sold earns statistically significant positive return. However, magnitude these returns has been steadily declining post 1998. Known asset pricing factors do not explain returns. Investor sentiment is able to at least some returns, supporting notion that behavioral influence short run. Our results are robust calculation using...

We study the equity valuation effects of conversion to income trust; a form corporate restructuring that has recently become very popular in Canada. document positive abnormal returns at announcement and we characteristics converting companies identify source(s) value gain.

In this study, we examine whether firms' engagement in Investor Relations and Stakeholder Communication (IRSC) activities reduce the cost of information asymmetry at time external financing. We also analyze intermediary role financing source (debt vs equity) existing level firm transparency. Measures IRSC initiatives are frequency press releases, events (conferences meetings, including industry gatherings as well investment bank seminars), ratio question answer portion to length events,...

Currently, India is facing an energy crisis and lots of efforts are being put in order to reduce this widening gap between demand supply.One the most cost effective ways reducing by implementing Energy Efficiency (EE) projects.These projects have a very high potential as it estimated that can generate savings worth $ 730 million per year.But, not utilised properly due various hurdles.One major obstacles financing these EE projects.Most financial institutions familiar with aspects...

Underpricing in the initial public offering (IPO) market has been traditionally explained as a means of attracting liquidity traders. We find strong evidence suggesting that intensity trading coming from these uninformed traders and rate idiosyncratic information arrival play important roles determining level adverse selection cost post-IPO market. Timeseries analysis reveals this is lowest immediately it increases monotonically first 8–12 weeks secondary trading. Order flow variability...