The MODIS cloud mask uses several detection tests to indicate a level of confidence that the is observing clear skies. It will be produced globally at single‐pixel resolution; algorithm as many 14 36 spectral bands maximize reliable and mitigate past difficulties experienced by sensors with coarser spatial resolution or fewer bands. ancillary input land, ocean, atmosphere science algorithms suggest processing options. operate in near real time limited computer storage facility simple...

An airborne scanning spectrometer was developed for measuring reflected solar and emitted thermal radiation in 50 narrowband channels between 0.55 14.2 µm. The instrument provides multispectral images of outgoing purposes developing validating algorithms the remote sensing cloud, aerosol, water vapor, surface properties from space. scans a swath width 37 km, perpendicular to aircraft flight track, with 2.5-mrad instantaneous field view. Images are thereby produced spatial resolution m at...

AIRS and MODIS on the EOS Aqua spacecraft collect global observations of Earth's upwelling infrared radiance for numerous remote sensing climate related applications. This paper presents comparisons illustrates utility using high–spectral resolution to create a highly accurate assessment broadband sensor calibration. In analysis, spectra are reduced spectral resolution, high–spatial data spatial collected 6 September 2002 18 February 2004. Spatially uniform scenes selected, observed...

Data from two instruments onboard the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) ER‐2 high‐altitude aircraft have been utilized in largest validation study to date assessing accuracy of CO 2 ‐slicing cloud height algorithm. Infrared measurements upwelling radiance MODIS (Moderate‐Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) airborne simulator (MAS) were used generate top heights then compared those derived Cloud Lidar System (CLS), operating with dual polarization at 0.532 μm. The...

An extension to the two-step physical retrieval algorithm was developed. Combined clear-sky multitemporal and multispectral observations were used retrieve atmospheric temperature-humidity profile, land-surface temperature, surface emissivities in midwave (3–5 µm) long-wave (8–14.5 regions. The extended tested with both simulated real data from Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Airborne Simulator. A sensitivity study error analysis demonstrate that performance is improved...

Traditionally, satellite instruments that measure Earth-reflected solar radiation in the visible and near infrared wavelength regions have been calibrated for radiance responsivity a two-step method. In first step, relative spectral response (RSR) of instrument is determined using nearly monochromatic light source such as lamp-illuminated monochromator. These sources do not typically fill field view nor act light. Consequently, they only provide (not absolute) instrument. second views...

A two-step physical algorithm that simultaneously retrieves geophysical parameters from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) measurements was developed. The retrieved include atmospheric temperature–humidity profile, surface skin temperature, and two emissivities within the shortwave (3–5-µm) longwave (8–14.5-µm) regions. retrieval is accomplished in steps: (i) Tikhonov regularization method employed to generate a solution along with an optimum parameter; (ii) nonlinear...

The NASA ER‐2 aircraft was deployed to southern Africa between 13 August and 25 September 2000 as part of the Southern African Regional Science Initiative (SAFARI) 2000. This carried a sophisticated array multispectral scanners, multiangle spectroradiometers, monostatic lidar, gas correlation radiometer, upward downward spectral flux radiometers, two metric mapping cameras. These observations were obtained over 3200 × 2800 km region savanna, woody open shrubland, grassland ecosystems...

The JPSS-3 VIIRS sensor has completed its pre-launch test program including measurements for characterizing the relative spectral response (RSR) in support of Sensor and Environmental Data Records (SDR EDR, resp.) that will be generated from on-orbit observations. Government team subject matter experts DAWG have analyzed produced characterization, form band-average supporting detector level RSR each band. characterization is based upon analysis independent SpMA dual monochromator (all bands)...

On 11 September 2000, a NASA ER‐2 aircraft underflew the Terra spacecraft during Southern Africa Regional Science Initiative (SAFARI) 2000 field experiment. The Scanning High Resolution Interferometer Sounder (S‐HIS), Moderate Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Airborne Simulator (MAS), and Cloud Physics Lidar (CPL) instruments onboard have provided data set for first look at accuracy of Collect 3 (L1B Version 3.X) MODIS L1B radiances thermal infrared (TIR) bands. Based on comparisons between...

Observations in the Terra MODIS PVLWIR bands 27 – 30 are known to be influenced by electronic crosstalk from those as senders and into same receivers. The magnitude of this affecting L1B radiances has been steadily increasing throughout mission lifetime, resulted several detectors within these unusable for making L2 L3 science products. In recent years, contamination recognized compromising climate quality status products that depend on bands. response, Characterization Support Team (MCST)...

Abstract The Cross‐track Infrared Sounder (CrIS) onboard the Suomi National Polar‐orbiting Partnership (SNPP) has high radiometric accuracy, which can be used to intercompare and understand performance of thermal emissive bands Visible Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) same platform. Previous studies usually selected uniform scenes avoid potential uncertainties due geolocation errors. This study focuses on all (including nonuniform scenes), as well CrIS subpixel cloudiness, local zenith angle...

Abstract This paper presents a detailed comparison between Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) measurements over the period 2003–2013 also MODIS Sounding Interferometer (IASI) for years 2007–2014. For this study AIRS IASI high spectral resolution data are degraded to broadband fields of view averaged within footprints. Using spatially uniform scenes, brightness temperature differences (ΔBT) analyzed as function scene temperature, scan...

One of the important objectives SUbsonic aircraft: Contrail and Cloud Effecs Special Study (SUCCESS) field campaign data analysis is to investigate retrieving cloud microphysical properties using remote sensing observations. This paper presents results an infrared based retrieval effective particle radius R e brightness temperature observations near 8.5, 11 12µm. The method relies on comparing 8.5–11 11–12µm observed differences theoretical simulations. During SUCCESS, conducted in April–May...

The new NASA Enhanced MODIS Airborne Simulator (eMAS) is based on the legacy MAS system, which has been used extensively in support of Earth Observing System program since 1995. eMAS consists two separate instruments designed to fly together ER-2 and Global Hawk high altitude aircraft. eMAS-IR instrument an upgraded version line-scanning spectrometer, with 38 spectral bands wavelength range from 0.47 14.1 μm. original LN2-cooled MWIR LWIR spectrometers are replaced a single vacuum-sealed,...

Five cases using NASA ER-2 aircraft based SHIS and MAS radiances have been used to assess the L1B radiometric performance of Terra Aqua MODIS Collection 5 for LWIR bands 31-36. The composite results these show that split window 31 (11 μm) 32 (12 performed well within 0.5% specification over their lifetime. This is in agreement with from other ground satellite comparisons are discussed paper. However, CO₂-sensitive 34-36 appear be performing outside 1% accuracy specification,...

Abstract As uniform and stable objects, deep convective clouds (DCCs) are often used to monitor the calibration stabilities of reflective solar bands (RSBs) Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) onboard Suomi National Polar‐orbiting Partnership. Traditionally, DCCs identified by legacy 11‐μm brightness temperature (BT11) threshold method. With collocated Cross‐track Sounder (CrIS), a method combining BT difference between water vapor absorption channel window its measurement...

The Visible Infrared Imager Radiometer Suite (VIIRS), a primary sensor on-board the Suomi-National Polar-orbiting Partnership (SNPP) spacecraft, was launched October 28, 2011. It has 22 bands: 7 thermal emissive bands (TEBs), 14 reflective solar (RSBs) and Day Night Band (DNB). TEBs cover spectral wavelengths between 3.7 to 12 μm have two 371 m five 742 spatial resolution bands. A VIIRS Key Performance Parameter (KPP) is sea surface temperature (SST) which uses M12 (3.7 μm), M15 (10.8 μm)...

The JPSS-2 VIIRS instrument is set to be the third when it launches in 2022 following S-NPP and NOAA-20 which launched October 2011and November 2017, respectively. To date has undergone extensive pre-launch testing at system level determine radiometric, spatial, spectral performance. Spectral was conducted by vendor, Raytheon Corporation, their test facility mid-to-late 2017 with a configuration that utilized double monochrometer illumination provided tungsten lamp ceramic glow bar cover...