To achieve coherent power combination of Ka-band high-power microwave (HPM), a phase-locked klystron-type coaxial relativistic Cherenkov generator (PKC-RCG), which combines the advantageous characteristics weak dimensional sensitivity RCG and low input ratio triaxial klystron amplifier (TKA), is proposed investigated in this paper. The PKC-RCG composed two parts: pre-modulation region adapted from TKA an energy exchange RCG. used for initial speed modulation intense electron beams (IREB),...

The effect of ionic liquids CnmimBr (n = 4, 6, 8) on the properties cationic Gemini surfactant trimethylene-1,3-bis(dodecyl ammonium bromide) (Gemini 12-3-12) aqueous solution was investigated. critical micelle concentration (cmc) 12-3-12 solutions containing different amounts were obtained by measurement surface tension. composition mixed and interaction parameter between calculated Rubingh regular model; effective area molecule at air/water interface Gibbs adsorption isotherm. results show...

The vapor−liquid equilibria of binary systems containing imidazolium-based ionic liquids (ILs) have been investigated using an equation state (EOS) for the heteronuclear square-well chain fluids (hetero-SWCFs). ILs are represented by "diblock compounds", with alkyl group as one block and imidazolium ring−anion pair other block. Model parameters obtained fitting experimental pressure−volume−temperature (pVT) data ILs, they combined those from our previous work to correlate predict molar...

Increasing the output power of microwave is one most important development directions for high-power (HPM) technology. However, when increased, radio frequency breakdown would occur owing to superhigh electric field strength. This problem limits handling capability a single-HPM generator, and this becomes more serious high-frequency bands long pulse. One solution overcome coherent combining, combining can achieve an equivalent order mymargin TW. The relativistic klystron amplifier (RKA)...

Relativistic backward wave oscillators (RBWOs) have the characteristics of high power and repetition rate. Reducing magnetic field strength weight external permanent magnet (PM) is a significant development direction RBWOs. In previous research, an X-band RBWO enclosed with PM has achieved efficiency 50%. However, used in these papers requires magnitude over 0.68 T, which leads to exceeding 400 kg. The designed this paper operates coaxial TM01 mode, radial distance between its cathode...

This paper introduces a high-power broadband X-band klystron amplifier that achieves an output power of 157 MW and 3 dB operating bandwidth 6.7%. The employs explosive emission diode with high impedance, which balances the requirements broadband. multi-gap input cavities are designed to operate at two different longitudinal modes within frequency band, resulting in flat absorption rate efficiency. Moreover, eight-stage stagger-tuned bunching section is implemented achieve uniform fundamental...

A high voltage power supply system for a compact neutron generator is developed. four-stage symmetrical Cockcroft-Walton multiplier circuit adopted to produce 300 kV direct current voltage. two-stage 360 isolation transformer used drive the ion source supply. The and are integrated in an epoxy bucket with size of ϕ360 × 700 containing No. 25 oil. maximum output can reach kV. variation less than 0.5% when works at kV/6 mA input ±8%. Meanwhile, withstand more kV, its being about 2.5 kW. No...

The effects of ethanol, n‐butanol, and n‐hexanol on the micellization cationic Gemini surfactant C16‐6‐16 · 2Br have been investigated using conductance steady fluorescence measurements. results show that critical micelle concentration (CMC) increases with addition but decreases n‐butano1 or n‐hexanol. With above alcohols, both ionization degree mole fraction alcohol in increase, however, aggregation number at a fixed surfactant. When given special alcohol, as increase concentration.

The effects of spatial nonuniformity electron multibeam emission on the output characteristics a coaxial Ka-band relativistic klystron amplifier (RKA) are investigated using particle-in-cell simulations. is simulated four different models, with (1) continuous cathode non-emission area, (2) discontinuous areas, (3) areas current densities, and (4) time-varying densities. simulation results first model show that microwave power RKA decreases as area increases, but size has little effect...

With the continuous pursuit of high power and frequency in area high-power microwave (HPM) sources, overmoded ratio HPM devices is usually designed to be larger K Ka-band alleviate issue electric field extraction structure. Nevertheless, this approach inevitably results a large radial size, which turn requires magnetic coils higher energy consumption. To address challenge, we present method bilateral distributed compact GW level band transit time oscillator. Particle-in-cell simulations show...

Microphase separation and morphology evolution of polystyrene polybutadiene blends are quantitatively studied by the dynamic density functional theory that is based on equation state (EOS-based DDFT). The structure parameters coarse-grained beads regressed from experimental pressure−volume−temperature data pure components. comparisons between simulated results presented as illustrations. Notably, in region near critical composition, deviation order−disorder transition temperature simulation...

The electromagnetic characteristics of the input cavity with electron beams loaded are measured successfully in an X-band triaxial relativistic klystron amplifier (TKA) a high frequency electrical probe. To solve response issue X band, coaxial probe is optimized and inserted obliquely into at designed angle so that microwaves can be sampled extracted required coupling coefficient while does not interfere solenoid coil, which tightly integrated outside TKA. Besides, TKA redesigned as...

The influence of electron beam uniformity on the microwave characteristics coaxial structure Ka-band RKA output cavity is investigated with particle-in-cell simulations. non-uniformity simulated in four different emission models: (1) continuous non-emission area, (2) spaced emission, (3) enhanced and (4) current density variation emission. simulation results first model shows that power decreases as area increases, while has little effect frequency pulse width microwave; second related to...

An experimental study of an intense current electron beam diode with a foil-free annular graphite cathode is carried out. The explosive emission images at discharging voltages 240 kV and 780 the attenuation carbon ions different magnetic fields are recorded using 24-framing camera for first time. results show that when voltage kV, light spots plasma generated by process randomly distributed over size brightness also distributed; if background Čerenkov radiation not taken into account,...

An experimental study of the intense current electron beam diode with a foil-free annular C–C composite material cathode is carried out, attenuation process carbon ions at different axial magnetic fields acquired using an ultrahigh speed 12 framing camera, and characteristics plasma under discharging voltage waveforms have also been studied. The experiment results show that increase in field, force field on becomes stronger, spatial distribution Cherenkov radiation light, which generated by...

An X-band relativistic triaxial klystron amplifier is designed for the sake of operating in repetitive high power and long pulse mode. To address issues anode plasma radio-frequency breakdown, a novel output cavity hybrid TM <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">01</inf> - xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">02</inf> modes particularly designed, which allows extracting microwave inwards with capacity achieving external quality...

Explode emission cathodes can be used to generate intense-current relativistic electron beams(IREBs) required for high-power microwave(HPM) systems, its characteristics affect the performance of HPM system. This type cathode forms a plasma on surface during process, and beam is mainly obtained from plasma. Therefore, are directly related characteristics, including uniformity generation, rate expansion attenuation. The attenuation repetitive cathode. In this paper, ultra-high speed framing...

An experimental study of the semi-cylindrical self-magnetic insulated diode with No. 25 transformer oil and methyl silicone filled into stainless steel metal foam as anode discharging materials is carried out for first time. The results show that lifetime this type ion beam about 3000 discharges, significantly higher than conventional solid-film diode, which 400 discharges. Meanwhile, current density polyethylene film, maximum 330 A/cm2 250 A/cm2, respectively. In addition, more stable film.

The non-uniform annular electron beam models are established based on the cathode explosive emission luminescence images. influence of uniformities microwave characteristics an structure S-band relativistic klystron amplifier output cavity is investigated with particle-in-cell simulations. non-uniformities simulated using four different models: (1) continuous area without emission, (2) spaced (3) enhanced and (4) current density variation emission. simulation results first model show that...