Summary This study explored patterns of abuse, self-harm and thoughts suicide/self-harm in the UK during first month COVID-19 pandemic using data from Social Study ( n =44 775), a non-probability sample weighted to population proportions. The reported frequency was higher among women, Black, Asian minority ethnic (BAME) groups people experiencing socioeconomic disadvantage, unemployment, disability, chronic physical illnesses, mental disorders diagnosis. Psychiatric medications were most...

Abstract Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA)-axis hyperactivity and inflammation are thought to be prominent in the aetiology of depression. Although meta-analyses have confirmed this relationship, there is considerable variability effect sizes across studies. This could attributed a differential role such biological systems somatic versus cognitive-affective depressive symptoms which remains largely unexplored. Furthermore, most longitudinal research date has focused on transient rather...

Despite the emphasis placed on psychological impact of COVID-19 pandemic, evidence from representative studies older adults including pre-COVID-19 data and repeated assessments during pandemic is scarce.To examine changes in mental health well-being before initial later phases test whether patterns varied with sociodemographic characteristics a sample living England.This longitudinal cohort study analyzed 5146 participating English Longitudinal Study Ageing who provided (2018 2019) at 2...

<h3>Importance</h3> An immediate research priority is to investigate and monitor the psychological well-being among high-risk groups during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. <h3>Objective</h3> To examine levels of severity depressive symptoms over time individuals with high risk in UK COVID-19 <h3>Design, Setting, Participants</h3> This cohort study part an ongoing large panel adults aged 18 years older residing UK, Social Study, established on March 21, 2020. Data analysis was...

Abstract Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with depression and systemic inflammation in adults. However, limited longitudinal research has tested these relationships children young people, it is unclear whether an underlying mechanism through which ACEs influence depression. We examined the associations of several across different early-life periods patterns adulthood assessed mediating role inflammation. The data came from Avon Longitudinal Study Parents Children ( N =...

Exposure to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) may lead stress-induced upregulation of inflammatory and neuroendocrine processes. However, it remains unclear whether such effects persist into later life, which dimensions ACEs might have the strongest impact on these biological mechanisms. Therefore, this study investigated C-reactive protein (CRP) hair cortisol in a large sample older adults, distinguishing between cumulative exposure ACEs.We utilised data from English Longitudinal Study...

Abstract Dysregulated hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA)-axis function might underlie the relationship between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and depression. However, limited research has examined possible mediating role of HPA-axis among young people using longitudinal data. Moreover, it remains unclear whether genetic influences could contribute to these associations. Participants were 290 children from Twins Early Development Study. ACEs assessed age 3–11 years. We calculated a...

We investigated the immediate and longer-term impact (over 4-6 months) of probable COVID-19 infection on mental health, wellbeing, financial hardship, social interactions among older people living in England. Data were analysed from 5146 adults participating English Longitudinal Study Ageing who provided data before pandemic (2018-19) at two assessments 2020 (June-July November-December). The associations (first assessment) with depression, anxiety, poor quality life (QoL), loneliness,...

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have been associated with poorer health across the life course. Previous studies used cumulative risk scores (ACE scores) or individual ACEs but these two approaches important shortcomings. ACE assume that each adversity is equally for outcome of interest and single approach assumes do not co-occur. Latent class analysis (LCA) an alternative to operationalising data, identifying groups people co-reporting similar ACEs. Here we apply three...

Obesity is associated with an increased risk of depression. Systemic low-grade inflammation, a plausible consequence obesity, has also been linked to However, the potential mediating effects systemic inflammation on association between excess body weight and specific symptom domains depression remain uncertain. This study examined whether mediated associations (overweight obesity) subsequent overall, cognitive-affective, somatic depressive symptoms.This used prospective cohort design.The...

Objectives To assess changes in positive psychological wellbeing and depression before, during after the pandemic older people, evaluate whether mental had returned to pre-pandemic levels pandemic. We also tested these responses varied by age, gender, living arrangements economic resources.

Abstract Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are linked to poorer mental health outcomes, and growing evidence implicates biological genetic pathways from early adversity psychopathology. However, little is known about the relationship of ACEs their underlying mechanisms with older people’s responses COVID-19 pandemic. We tested associations ACEs, hair cortisol, C-reactive protein (CRP), polygenic scores (PGS) depression, anxiety, loneliness among adults during pandemic, accounting for...

This study aims to understand the mechanisms contributing elevated risk of depression among sexual minority older adults compared heterosexuals. Specifically, role loneliness as a potential mediator is investigated inform targeted interventions for preventing in populations. Data from English Longitudinal Study Ageing, focusing on aged over 50, were analysed. Sexual orientation (sexual or heterosexual) and scores (UCLA scale) assessed at wave six (2010−2011), while depressive symptoms (CESD)...

ABSTRACT Objective The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected many aspects of the human condition, including mental health and psychological wellbeing. This study examined trajectories depressive symptoms (DST) over time among vulnerable individuals in UK during COVID-19 pandemic. Methods sample consisted 51,417 adults recruited from Social Study. Depressive were measured on seven occasions (21st March - 2nd April), using Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9)....

Abstract Background Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and genetic liability are important risk factors for depression inflammation. However, little is known about the gene−environment (G × E) mechanisms underlying their aetiology. For first time, we tested independent interactive associations of ACEs polygenic scores major depressive disorder (MDD-PGS) C-reactive protein (CRP-PGS) with longitudinal trajectories chronic inflammation in older adults. Methods Data were drawn from English...

Psychosocial stress exposure can disturb communication signals between the immune, nervous, and endocrine systems that are intended to maintain homeostasis. This dysregulation provoke a negative feedback loop each system has high pathological risk. Here, we explore patterns of immune-neuroendocrine activity role stress. Using data from English Longitudinal Study Ageing (ELSA), first identified latent structure (indexed by sensitivity C-reactive protein [CRP], fibrinogen [Fb], hair cortisol...

Individuals most often use several rather than one substance among alcohol, cigarettes or cannabis. This widespread co-occurring of multiple substances is thought to stem from a common liability that partly genetic in origin. Genetic risk may indirectly contribute through genetically influenced mental health vulnerabilities and individual traits. To test this possibility, we used polygenic scores indexing traits examined their association with the versus specific liabilities use. We data...

Mental health responses to the COVID-19 pandemic have been widely studied, but less is known about potentially protective role of physical activity (PA) and impact low-grade inflammation. Using a sample older adults from England, this study tested (1) if pre-pandemic PA its changes during were associated with mental responses; (2) inflammation experienced greater increases in depression anxiety, compared levels; (3) attenuated association between depression/anxiety. The used data English...