The Iowa gambling task is a popular test for examining monetary decision behavior under uncertainty. According to Dunn et al. review article, the difficult-to-explain phenomenon of "prominent deck B" was revealed, namely that normal makers prefer bad final-outcome B good decks C or D. This demonstrated especially clearly by Wilder and Toplak inconsistent with basic assumption in IGT; however, most IGT-related studies utilized "summation" A when presenting their data, thereby avoiding...

Abstract Background The Somatic Marker Hypothesis suggests that normal subjects are "foreseeable" and ventromedial prefrontal patients "myopic" in making decisions, as the behavior shown Iowa Gambling Task. present study questions previous findings because of existing confounding between long-term outcome (expected value, EV) gain-loss frequency variables Task (IGT). A newly symmetrically designed gamble, namely Soochow (SGT), with a high-contrast EV bad (A, B) good (C, D) decks, is...

Abstract Background Somatic Marker Hypothesis (SMH), based on clinical observations, delineates neuronal networks for interpreting consciousness generation and decision-making. The Iowa gambling task (IGT) was designed to verify the SMH. However, more behavioral brain imaging studies had reported incongruent results that pinpointed a need re-evaluate central representations of current study used event-related fMRI (functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging) examine neural correlates anticipation...

Symptoms of essential tremor (ET) are similar to those Parkinson's disease (PD) during their initial stages. Presently, there few stable biomarkers available on a neuroanatomical level for distinguishing between these two diseases. However, investigations have directly compared the changes in brain volume and assessed compensatory effects change parts associated with PD ET. To determine and/or degenerative anatomical brains ET patients, present study tested, via VBM approaches (Basic vs....

ORIGINAL RESEARCH article Front. Psychol., 29 May 2013Sec. Decision Neuroscience Volume 4 - 2013 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00220

Dunn et al. performed a critical review identifying some problems in the Somatic Marker Hypothesis (SMH). Most of arguments presented by focused on insufficiencies for replication skin conductance responses and somatic brain loops, but study did not carefully reassess core-task SMH. In related study, Lin Chiu identified serious problem, namely "prominent deck B phenomenon" original IGT. Building this observation, also posited that C rather than A was preferred normal decision makers due to...

Abstract Background Behavioral decision making literature suggests that makers are guided less by final outcome than immediate gain-loss. However, studies of the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) under dynamic and uncertain conditions reveal very different conclusions about role outcome. Another research group designed a similar yet simpler game, Soochow (SGT), which demonstrated that, in making, effect gain-loss frequency is more powerful Further study needed to determine precise on makers. This...

Objective: A critical issue in research related to the Iowa gambling task (IGT) is use of alternative factors expected value and gain-loss frequency distinguish between clinical cases control groups. When IGT has been used examine Internet addiction (IA), literature reveals inconsistencies results. However, few studies have utilized version (cIGT) IA cases. The present study aims resolve previous validity cIGT by comparing performances controls with gaming disorder (IGD), a subtype defined...

Background: Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is effective in the treatment of major depressive disorder and schizophrenia patients who are drug-naïve or less-receptive to antipsychotic drugs. Several studies have discussed correlation between patient characteristics, input current volume seizure duration. According present principle ECT guidelines, therapeutic effect mostly correlates with As tonic phase different from clonic respect brain function activity, it informative analyse both...

Since Bechara et al. pioneered its development, the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) has been widely applied to elucidate decision behavior and medial prefrontal function. Although most makers can hunch final benefits of IGT, ventromedial lesions generate a myopic choice pattern. Additionally, group developed revised IGT (inverted iIGT) confirm validity. Each iIGT trial was generated from by multiplying "−" create an inverted monetary value. Thus, bad decks A B in become good iA iB iIGT;...

The Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) has been standardized as a clinical assessment tool (Bechara, 2007). Nonetheless, numerous research groups have attempted to modify IGT models optimize parameters for predicting the choice behavior of normal controls and patients. A decade ago, most researchers considered expected utility (EU) model (Busemeyer Stout, 2002) be optimal under uncertainty. However, in recent years, studies demonstrated that with prospect (PU) function are more effective than EU (Ahn...

The Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) developed by Bechara et al. in 1994 is used to diagnose patients with Ventromedial Medial Prefrontal Cortex (VMPFC) lesions, and it has become a landmark research on decision making. According al., the manipulation of progressive increments monetary value can normalize performance VMPFC lesions; thus, they computerized version IGT. However, empirical results showed that patients' performances did not improve as result this manipulation, which suggested lesions...

In this paper, we proposed a test data compression scheme targeted for minimizing the amount of data. The can reduce application time and minimize compressed data, which reduces size memory in ATE needed to transfer A decoder design is also presented. Experimental results on ISCAS benchmark circuits show that produced by our method are much smaller than previous methods.

The Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) has become a remarkable experimental paradigm of dynamic emotion decision making. In recent years, research emphasized the “prominent deck B (PDB) phenomenon” among normal (control group) participants, in which they favor “bad” with its high-frequency gain structure—a finding that is incongruent original IGT hypothesis concerning foresightedness. Some studies have attributed such performance inconsistencies to cultural differences. present review, 86 featuring...

Background: The Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) was established to evaluate emotion-based decision-making ability under uncertain circumstances in clinical populations, including schizophrenia (Sz). However, there remains a lack of stable behavioral measures regarding discrimination for performance IGT between schizophrenic cases and healthy participants. None the Sz-IGT studies has specifically verified prominent deck B (PDB) phenomenon gradually revealed other populations. Here, we provided...

PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of a 2-month detraining on body composition and glucose tolerance for female collegiate dancers, stopped their regular training 2 months. METHODS: 16 dancers (age: 19.7± 0.11 y, BMI: 20.7±0.56 kg/m2) BMI, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), oral test (OGTT), insulin response during OGTT, blood lipids were measured at baseline after detraining. RESULTS: Glucose was not significantly affected by detraining, but fasting levels OGTT elevated. Free fatty acid (FFA)...

This study used independent component analysis (ICA) to decompose the surrogate image data by concatenating in space multiple subjects' anatomical images after spatial normalization and smoothing make all same space. The multiple-subject included three different subject/patient populations, namely Parkinson's disease (PD) essential tremor (ET) as well age-matched normal control (NC) subjects. In so doing, we were extract components showing significant group differences caused morphometric...