A5102978225- Atmospheric aerosols and clouds
- Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols
- Air Quality and Health Impacts
- Atmospheric Ozone and Climate
- Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations
- Aeolian processes and effects
- Climate variability and models
- Plant Water Relations and Carbon Dynamics
- Advanced Aircraft Design and Technologies
- Air Quality Monitoring and Forecasting
- Wind and Air Flow Studies
- Tropical and Extratropical Cyclones Research
- Soil and Unsaturated Flow
- Cyclone Separators and Fluid Dynamics
- Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing
- Aerospace and Aviation Technology
- Gas Dynamics and Kinetic Theory
- Flow Measurement and Analysis
- Environmental and Sediment Control
- Hydrology and Drought Analysis
- Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows
- Icing and De-icing Technologies
- Maritime and Coastal Archaeology
- Border Security and International Relations
- Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics
Met Office
2011-2024
Universitat de les Illes Balears
2023
University of Bedfordshire
2020
Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry
2008
Max Planck Institute for Chemistry
2008
New Orleans Public Library
2004
The physical and optical properties of Saharan dust aerosol measured by the Met Office C‐130 during Dust Experiment (SHADE) are presented. Additional radiation measurements enable determination depth, τ aer λ , direct radiative effect (DRE) mineral dust. results suggest that absorption is significantly overestimated in solar spectrum if standard refractive indices used. Our an imaginary part index 0.0015 i appropriate at a wavelength 0.55 μm. Different methods for determining λ=0.55...
Instrumentation on the Met Office C‐130 aircraft measured aerosol physical and optical properties during Southern African Regional Science Initiative (SAFARI 2000) in September 2002 while flying from Windhoek, Namibia. Filter measurements of aged regional haze suggest a ratio apparent elemental carbon (EC ) to organic (OC) 0.12 ± 0.02 mass fractions 5% EC , 25% inorganic compounds, 70% matter (OC plus associated elements). The submicron size distribution may be fitted with three lognormal...
We present aircraft measurements of dust aerosol during the Dust and Biomass‐burning Experiment (DABEX), a project affiliated with African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analysis. DABEX took place between 13 January 3 February 2006 in Sahelian west Africa, based at Niamey, Niger. The data set is augmented Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) data. A mineral layer below 1–2 km (sourced from north) an overlying biomass burning (BB) anthropogenic fires to south) was observed on all days, although...
We collected filter samples of the atmospheric aerosol during Southern African Regional Science Initiative (SAFARI 2000) experiment onboard UK Met Office C‐130 aircraft. The main operational area was Atlantic Ocean offshore Namibia and Angola, where biomass‐smoke haze at least 1–2 days old widespread. size‐fractionated were analyzed for major inorganic ions, carbonaceous material (elemental organic carbon), elements with atomic numbers between 11 (Na) 82 (Pb). regional composed mostly...
North African dust is important for climate through its direct radiative effect on solar and terrestrial radiation role in the biogeochemical system. The Dust Outflow Deposition to Ocean project (DODO) aimed characterize physical optical properties of airborne two seasons use these observations constrain model simulations, with ultimate aim being able quantify deposition iron Atlantic Ocean. situ from campaigns measured during February August 2006, based at Dakar, Senegal, are presented...
Abstract Two types of partially absorbing aerosol are included in calculations that based on intensive aircraft observations: biomass burning characterized during the Southern AFricAn Regional science Initiative (SAFARI 2000) and mineral dust SaHAran Dust Experiment (SHADE). Measurements SAFARI 2000 reveal layer is advected over South Atlantic ocean at elevated altitudes above marine boundary which capped by semi‐permanent stratocumulus cloud sheets. Similarly, measured SHADE resulting...
Dust samples were collected onboard the UK community BAe‐146 research aircraft of Facility for Airborne Atmospheric Measurements (FAAM) operated over Niger during winter Special Observation Period African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analysis project (AMMA SOP0/DABEX). Particle size, morphology, and composition assessed using single‐particle analysis by analytical scanning transmission electron microscopy. The aerosol was found to be composed externally mixed mineral dust biomass burning...
This paper investigates the properties of biomass burning aerosols over West Africa using data from UK FAAM aircraft during Dust and Biomass‐burning Experiment (DABEX). Aged were widespread across region, often at altitudes up to 4 km. Fresh observed low by flying through smoke plumes agricultural fires. The measured aerosol size distributions, optical properties, vertical distributions. Single scattering albedo varied 0.73 0.93 (at 0.55 μ m) in layers dominated aerosol. We attribute much...
Abstract. A case study of atmospheric aerosol measurements exploring the impact vertical distribution chemical composition upon radiative budget in North-Western Europe is presented. Sub-micron was measured by an Aerodyne Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (AMS) on both airborne platform and a ground-based site at Cabauw Netherlands. The examined period May 2008 characterised enhanced pollution loadings dominated ammonium nitrate Organic Matter (OM). Both OM were observed to increase with altitude...
Abstract This paper presents aircraft measurements of the physical and optical properties mineral dust from GERBILS campaign. The campaign involved ten flights UK Facility for Airborne Atmospheric Measurements (FAAM) BAe‐146 over western region Sahara desert. Vertical profiles showed layers at varying altitudes extending as high 6.5 km. Dust were typically associated with a deep well‐mixed boundary layer or residual above (the Saharan air layer). Aerosol depths (AODs), measured by...
Abstract The Small Ice Detector mark 2 (SID-2), which was built by the University of Hertfordshire, has been operated Met Office on Facility for Atmospheric Airborne Research (FAAM) BAe-146 aircraft during a large number flights. flights covered wide range atmospheric conditions, including stratocumulus, altocumulus lenticularis, cirrus, and mixed-phase cumulus clouds, as well clear-sky over sea desert surfaces. SID-2 is laser scattering device that provides in situ data cloud particle...
Abstract The radiative properties of mineral dust aerosol during the GERB Intercomparison Long‐wave and Short‐wave (GERBILS) are presented. GERBILS consisted aircraft flights over land areas between Mauritania Niger June 2007. During one case large optical depth (AOD=1.0 at 0.55 μ m), a short‐wave spectrometer measured sky radiances versus scattering angle that compared to modelled data. modelling used phase functions spheres, spheroids irregular‐shaped particles using T‐matrix ray‐tracing...
Abstract The Geostationary Earth Radiation Budget Intercomparison of Longwave and Shortwave radiation (GERBILS) was an observational field experiment over North Africa during June 2007. campaign involved 10 flights by the FAAM BAe‐146 research aircraft southwestern parts Sahara Desert coastal stretches Atlantic Ocean. Objectives GERBILS included characterisation mineral dust geographic distribution physical optical properties, assessment impact upon radiation, validation satellite remote...
Abstract This paper presents new results on the composition, size and shape of mineral dust particles from African sources which were obtained by analysis bulk filter samples collected in June 2007 onboard BAe‐146 research aircraft Facility for Airborne Atmospheric Measurements (FAAM). The was operated over Mauritania, Mali Niger during Geostationary Earth Radiation Budget Intercomparisons Longwave Shortwave radiation (GERBILS) campaign. Dust sampled campaign originated various sources,...
Abstract. Pedotransfer functions are used to relate gridded databases of soil texture information the hydraulic and thermal parameters land surface models. The within these pedotransfer uncertain calibrated through analyses point samples. How calibrations at spatial scale modern models is unclear because represent an area average. We present a novel approach for calibrating such improve model moisture prediction by using observations from Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) satellite mission...
Anomalously high reflectivity tracks in stratus and stratocumulus sheets associated with ships (known as ship tracks) are commonly seen visible near-infrared satellite imagery. Until now there have been only a limited number of situ measurements made tracks. The Monterey Area Ship Track (MAST) experiment, which was conducted off the coast California June 1994, provided substantial dataset on emissions their effects boundary layer clouds. Several platforms, including University Washington...
Abstract This paper presents aircraft measurements of aerosol optical properties and radiative effects from the Dust Biomass‐burning Experiment (DABEX) over West Africa. On 19 January 2006 cloud‐free skies high loading provided ideal conditions for an intercomparison aircraft, satellite ground‐based remote sensing instruments. Aerosol size distributions, properties, depth (AOD) downwelling solar radiation were measured by UK FAAM in region Niamey, Niger. The situ showed a mixture dust...
Abstract The operational version of the Met Office Unified Model forecasts aerosol and visibility products, as described in Part I. modelling relies on parametrizations for size distribution which account coagulation aerosols into accumulation mode, hygroscopic uptake water by aerosols. Aircraft surface‐based measurements are used to assess these performance modelled mass mixing ratio visibility. Measurements chemical composition with an airborne spectrometer suggest that much is a complex...
The purpose of this work is to investigate the direct radiative forcing aerosols over supersite Djougou (northern Benin) during African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analyses dry season experiment. We focus our simulations on top atmosphere, bottom and atmosphere forcings. During period, Sun photometer measurements indicate a rather turbid with mean aerosol optical depth for overall period 0.78 ± 0.24 (at 440 nm). absorption coefficient estimated at surface ranged between 2.3 37.3 Mm −1 (mean...
Abstract Mineral dust events exert a significant perturbation to the Earth's radiation balance via scattering and absorption in both solar thermal infrared wavelengths. This study documents aircraft‐based measurements of terrestrial radiative effects mineral outbreak off west coast Africa while FAAM BAe‐146 was transit GERBILS observational measurement campaign. By comparing model upwelling irradiance, an instantaneous top‐of‐atmosphere broadband direct effect (DRE) −33 ± 6 W m −2 is...
One of the primary aims North Atlantic regional Aerosol Characterisation Experiment (ACE-2) was to quantify physical and chemical processes affecting evolution major aerosol types over Atlantic. The best, practical way doing this is in a Lagrangian framework where parcel air sampled several tens hours its properties are intensively measured. During intensive observational phase ACE-2, between 15 June 1997 24 July 1997, 3 cloudy experiments cloud-free, were undertaken south west tip Iberian...
Port terminals which facilitate the import, export, and transshipment of seaborne cargo are predominantly operated by private firms. While sector involvement in terminal operations has brought many advantages, their profit-oriented interest deregulation maximizing throughput can put them at odds with port-level regulatory agencies. This is particularly case customs agencies, for enforcement activities often require slow intrusive scrutiny passing through port terminals. In this article, we...
Information on radiative fluxes that reach the ground is needed in numerous areas of climate research. On a global scale, such information obtainable only from satellites. Top atmosphere satellite observations during clear and cloudy sky conditions have been found useful for inferring, among others, aerosol optical depth (AOD) cloud (COD). These are important elements estimating surface fluxes. Satellite retrievals AOD based assumption aerosols specific type. In certain climatic regions,...
Abstract Numerical simulations of two cases morning boundary layer development are conducted to investigate the impact grid resolution on mean profiles and turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) partitioning from large eddy simulation (LES) mesoscale limit. Idealized LES, using 3‐D Smagorinsky scheme, is shown be capable reproducing evolution when compared against measurements. However, increasing spacing results in damping resolved TKE production superadiabatic temperature layer. Turbulence...