Abstract A mix of public policy and market interventions in the mid‐2000s led to historic reductions deforestation Brazilian Amazon. The collateral impact these forest conservation policies on agricultural production is still poorly understood, though evidence sorely needed given economic importance agriculture Brazil many other forest‐rich countries. We construct a ten‐year panel dataset for Amazon (2004–2014), use two complementary difference‐in‐difference strategies estimate causal effect...

Economists argue that land rent taxation is an ideal form of as it causes no deadweight losses. Nevertheless, pure rarely applied. This paper revisits the case for developing countries. We first provide up-to-date review on in development countries, including feasibility and implementation challenges. then simulate tax reforms Rwanda, Peru, Nicaragua Indonesia, based household surveys. find (i) taxes a substantial untapped potential revenues at minimal losses; (ii) linear value tend to put...

Policy sequencing to gradually increase the stringency of policies reduce greenhouse gas emissions has become an influential narrative without much evidence beyond selected and sectors or case studies individual countries. Here we provide international cross-sectoral on climate policy sequences for G20 economies 18 other large emitters. We find that towards carbon pricing are a consistent pattern in data. The adoption some can facilitate subsequent policies, which is referred as sequencing....

Africa is growing rapidly both in terms of population size and economically. It also becoming increasingly clear that fossil fuels impose a high price on society through local environmental pollution Africa's particular vulnerability to climate change. At the same time, has an excellent renewable energy potential prices for are reaching range fuels. Comparing results from state-of-the-art Integrated Assessment Models we find different options achieving sustainable supply Africa. They have...

Abstract Economic rents have long been identified as an efficient tax base. In addition, the recent literature documents that rent income is highly concentrated and are quickly increasing. Rent taxation thus seems attractive for reasons of both efficiency equity. Nevertheless, remains a marginal topic in research policy making. systematic review neoclassical on different types, we find some types reflect inefficiencies should be minimized, while others reward investments supported line with...

Which kind of reaction can a nation or group nations expect when leading by example in climate policy? This synthesis article describes possible positive mechanisms from different fields economics, some which have scarcely been linked to economics previously. One effect may be behavioural, motivated fairness, reciprocity, norms. Second, other interpret the leader's action as signal on his preference value objective and adjust their own policy based new information. Third, leader provide...

The IMF Notes Series aims to quickly disseminate succinct analysis on critical economic issues member countries and the broader policy community.The

We add an extractive sector to endogenous growth model of expanding varieties and directed technological change.Firms increase their economically extractable stocks non-renewable resources through R&D investment in extraction technology reduce extraction.We show how the geological distribution resource interacts with change.Our accommodates long-term trends markets -namely stable prices exponentially increasing extractionfor which we present data going back 1792.The suggests that over long...

We document that global resource extraction has strongly increased with economic growth, while prices have exhibited stable trends for almost all major non-renewable resources from 1700 to 2018.Why not become scarcer as suggested by standard theory?We develop a theory of technology, geology and growth grounded in stylized facts.Rising demand incentivises firms invest new technology increase their economically extractable reserves.Prices remain constant because increasing returns the...

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In this paper, we study the international diffusion of carbon pricing policies.In first part, empirically examine to what extent adoption in a given country can explain subsequent same policy other countries.In second quantify global benefits terms greenhouse gas emission reductions elsewhere.To do so, combine large dataset on with several datasets.For causal identification, estimate semiparametric Cox proportional hazard models.We find robust and statistically significant evidence for diffusion.

It is a well-known result in economics that land value taxation efficient since it does not distort the supply of tax base.Considering only efficiency, should thus be fully taxed.Using optimal theory with heterogeneous households, we show may to for distributional reasons.The decisive variable covariance held by households and their social welfare weight.Empirical data from US France, however, indicates ownership (in absolute terms) negatively correlated weight.Middle income would pay...

Abstract Initiatives in favor of unilateral action on climate change are frequently challenged by concerns over free riding. Nevertheless, we observe an increasing number efforts at different administrative levels and parts the world. Previous academic literature described various individual mechanisms where emissions abroad may increase or decrease as a reaction to emission reductions. In this paper, collect comprehensive set both positive negative reactions analyze them stylized models....

We add an extractive sector to endogenous growth model of expanding varieties and directed technological change. Extractive firms reduce the stock non-renewable resources through extraction, but also increase R&D investment in extraction technology. Our replicates long-term trends resource markets, namely stable prices exponentially increasing for which we present data from 1792 2009. The suggests that development new technologies neutralizes demand industrializing countries like China long term.