Interstitial type dislocation loops formed in Al, Au, Cu, Fe and Mo by electron irradiation a high voltage microscope grow proportionally to smaller power of the time than unity at lower temperatures under constant irradiation. They linearly with higher which vacancies are mobile. The balance product mobility concentration between interstitials explains linear growth as well observed square root dependence speed on intensity. temperature can be used obtain migration activation energy...

AbstractAbstractThe present state of understanding surface cracking in low C alloy steel slabs the continuous casting (CC) and direct rolling (DR) processes is outlined. Hot CC slab can be explained terms carbide and/or nitride precipitation behaviour. In addition to γ grain boundary precipitation, matrix strengthening owing dynamic existence softer layers along boundaries such as allotriomorphs ferrite or precipitate free zones play animportant role intergranular ductile fracture. The...

The red scale, which is one of the major defects on hot-rolled Si added steel sheets, reproduced experimentally. On basis detailed observation scale properties, we propose mechanism formation scale. Imcomplete descaling FeO prior to hot rolling causes even in Si-free steels, since reaction from Fe3O4 and Fe2O3 largely accelerated by breakage In Si-added quite difficult perform, because eutectic compound FeO/Fe2SiO4 formed at scale/steel interface penetrates irregularly into both upper lower...

The effect of C on hot ductility low alloy steels has been studied in view surface cracking continuously cast (CC) slabs. As the was not affected by content tensile test reheated specimens, well-known dependency susceptibility CC slabs can be ascribed to microstructural change during solidification process. Austenite grain size as-cast materials found depend largely content, i.e., maximum 0.10-0.15% region. This explained higher austenite formation temperature these growth rapidly occurred...

AbstractAbstractThe effects of alloying elements on σ phase precipitation in δ–γ duplex stainless steels have been studied with particular emphasis the partitioning elements. Sigma occurred mainly through eutectoid decomposition δ into and γ phases. The concentrations Cr, Mo, W, Si each decreased order σ, δ, then phase, while those Ni Mn reverse order. increase Cr Mo contents increased both rate maximum amount precipitation, content reduced though was also accelerated. effect can be...

Precipitation of 6 phase in an Fe-25Cr-7Ni-3Mo alloy with α/γ duplex structure has been studied systematically and the following results were obtained:(1) TTP diagram for a precipitation was C-type nose at 820°C.(2) σ nucleated on interfaces grew into α grains as eutectoid reaction: α→σ+γ. Enrichments Cr, Mo W atoms remarkable.(3) Hardness increase by not so large, while impact value markedly decreased even few percent precipitation. also found to decrease hot ductility.(4) The range during...

AbstractAbstractThe hot ductility of low-carbon austenite has been studied in order to reveal the hot-cracking mechanism related sulphur segregation and sulphide precipitation during solution treatment deformation. Ductility was greatly reduced high-strain-rate tensile deformation temperature range 1073-1373 K. Fracture occurred via a typical intergranular mode, characterized by both shallow dimples caused microvoid coalescence rather smooth facets decohesion. The former morphology is result...

To clarify the origin of magnetic anisotropy induced in Nd/sub 2/Fe/sub 14/B-based magnet powders during hydrogenation, disproportionation, desorption, and recombination (HDDR) process, microstructure hydrogenated 12.5/Fe/sub 70-x/Co/sub 1/ Ga/sub x/B/sub 6/ (0<or=x<or=5) are investigated. As hydrogenation temperature is increased over 1148 K, a small amount 14/B phase observed to remain undecomposed 69/Co/sub 11.5/Ga/sub 1/B/sub powder, even after for 3.6 ks. This undecomposition becomes...

Remimazolam is a novel, ultra-short-acting benzodiazepine used for general anesthesia. Because remimazolam an emerging drug, the tolerance to in benzodiazepine-taking patients has been unclear. Also, efficacy of different races not fully elucidated so far.Here we experienced three cases which high dose was needed attempting achieve appropriate anesthetic depth. Two were preoperatively patients. The other case Chinese patient. In all cases, conversion anesthesia with propofol...

Background: We previously developed an automated total intravenous anesthesia control system that uses new closed-loop algorithms to administer propofol, remifentanil, and rocuronium based on the bispectral index train-of-four data. recently improved this by adding a safety mechanism using modified monitoring device. Methods: Patients scheduled for elective surgery were randomly assigned feedback (automatic group) or manual administration of (manual group). The proportion time during which...

Effects of alloying elements and cooling rate on γ grain growth behavior in the solidification subsequent processes low alloy steels have been studied relation to surface cracking continuously cast (CC) slabs.Grain phase occurs rapidly below a completion temperature transformation into (Tγ ), since strong pinning effect second such as δ-ferrite and/or liquid boundary migration disappears. Thus size as-cast can mainly be determined by Tγ, i.e., maximum is obtained at peritectic composition,...

Effect of NbC precipitation on hot deformation austenitic stainless steels has been studied with particular emphasis ductility. The mechanism for reducing ductility in the temperature range where occurs can also explain surface cracking continuously cast low alloy steel slabs. trough slow strain rate tensile tests at around 1073 K Nb-bearing is accompanied by intergranular microvoid coalescence mode fracture. This loss induced rather coarse particles precipitated grain boundaries, free zones...

Superplastic behavior of δ-ferrite/austenite duplex stainless steels has been studied by means isothermal hot tensile test at temperatures (T)from 700 to 1100°C initial strain rates (ε) from 10-4 10-1 s-1 in relation microstructural aspects prior and during deformation. Superpiastic elongations were observed wide ranges T ε. The maximum elongation greater than 2500% was obtained under the condition where c phase precipitation occurred depended on rate especially lower temperature deformation...

Effects of hot or cold deformation and thermal history on theσ phase0 precipitation in (A) a 25Cr-7Ni-3Mo (B) 23Cr-6Ni steels with ferrite/austenite (α/γ) duplex structure have been studied. Results obtained are as follows:(1) The incubation time for the σ phase Steel B was couple orders magnitude longer than that A. This should be attributed to difference chemical composition between two steels, especially phase, where majority is known precipitate.(2) enhanced by work strain well work....

Precipitation of σ phase in an Fe-25Cr-7Ni-3Mo alloy with a duplex structure α and γ phases, has been studied systematically by means optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction, hardness measurement, tensile test, SEM observation dilatometric measurement. The results obtained this study are as follows: (1) TTT diagram for the precipitation was C-type nose at about 820°C 2030 min. (2) nucleated on α/γ boundaries grew into grains, thereafter nucleation new phases began also grains. Volume fraction...

Visceral pain, especially that associated with inflammation of visceral organs, is poorly understood and difficult to treat clinically. The purpose this study was investigate the effects intrathecal 2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid (AP5, a competitive NMDA antagonist) upon visceromotor response distension colonic tissue inflamed by exposure turpentine. All experiments were conducted under pentobarbital anesthesia. Animals prepared laminectomy from T12 L1 facilitate drug administration....

Superplasticity of δ/γ duplex stainless steels has been studied in relation to the microstructural change during deformation order elucidate role second phase particles. In case region, local strain concentration within δ-ferrite matrix due dispersion relatively hard γ particles and subsequent recrystallization occur repeatedly. When alloys containing high Cr Mo are deformed at temperatures around 900°C, σ precipitate via eutectoid decomposition into new phases, γ/σ structure forms. The...

Poor descaling ability in Si-added hot-rolled steel sheets can be explained term of anchor effect FeO/Fe2SiO4 eutectic-compound cutting into both and upper FeO sides, which is formed during slab soaking. Although the uneven interface eutectic-compound/steel result from penetrating liquid γ grain boudaries, details have not been clear so far. Thus, this work, we studied behavior with particular emphasis on small amount Ni, unavoidably included making process. Reproduction tests red scale by a...