Urban air pollution is rapidly becoming an environmental problem of public concern worldwide. It can influence health and local/regional weather climate. In the present study, airborne particulate pollutants data were collected for a period 4 years (2005–2008) at 13 locations in Ahmedabad, mega city Gujarat State western India. The by Pollution Control Board with respirable dust samplers (RDSs). observed Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM) concentrations varied from 66.0 to 786.0 µg/m3,...

The North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) exhibits variations at interannual to multidecadal time scales and is associated with climate over eastern America, the Atlantic, Europe, Africa. Therefore, it very important understand causes of these NAO assess their predictability. It has been hypothesized, based on observations, that sea surface temperature (SST) sea‐ice in Ocean influence NAO. We describe results an ensemble sixteen experiments atmospheric general circulation model which we used...

Abstract Decadal variability of the Indo-Pacific warm pool (IPWP) sea surface temperature (SST) and its association with atmospheric oceanic circulations are investigated observed 50-yr (1952–2001) SST, NCEP–NCAR Simple Ocean Data Assimilation (SODA) reanalysis data. The decadal IPWP SSTs was analyzed by applying an empirical orthogonal function technique to low-pass-filtered SSTs. Two leading modes (EMs) well represent SST variations. EM1 is ENSO-like pattern out-of-phase anomalies in...

High quality rainfall and surface temperature records for Australia during the period 1910–1993 are examined to quantify relative importance of decadal variability ascertain if there is any relationship with sea-surface (SST) over adjacent oceans on same time scale. The signal was estimated by low-pass filtering detrended annual averages gridded data covering entire continent eliminate all spectral contributions periods less than or equal 8 years. Such typically accounts 10–60% total...

Gridded time series from the Global Ocean Surface Temperature Atlas were analyzed with a variety of techniques to identify spatial structures and oscillation periods tropical Atlantic sea surface temperature (SST) variations at decadal timescales, develop physical interpretations statistical patterns SST variations. Each was 110 yr (1882–1991) long. The compared in 74-yr-long (1912–85) north Nordeste Brazil rainfall 106-yr-long (1886–1991) cyclone activity index series. also extratropical...

Numerous analyses of relatively short (25–30 years in length) time series the observed surface temperature tropical Atlantic Ocean have indicated possible existence decadal timescale variability. It was decided to search for such variability 100-yr sea (SST) measured aboard ships and available recently published Global Surface Temperature Atlas (GOSTA). Fourier singular spectrum GOSTA SST averaged over 11 subregions, each approximately 1×106 km2 area, show that pronounced quasi-oscillatory...

Abstract The relationship between sea surface temperature (SST) and rainfall index anomalies over sub‐Saharan Africa for the 15‐year period, 1970–84, has been examined. objectively analysed monthly mean SST data were used global oceans 40°S 60°N. consist of annual indices Sahel Soudan belts north Africa. An Empirical Orthogonal Function analysis carried out Atlantic, Indian ocean regions. results show that most dominant eigenmode, EOF1, is characterized by warming central eastern Pacific,...

One hundred and nineteen years (1872–1990) of area‐averaged rainfall over India, sea surface temperature (SST) averaged the equatorial central eastern Pacific Ocean (the so‐called Niño3 region) as an index El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) are analyzed to study their covariability. The monsoon rainfall, SST, covariability undergo decadal‐multidecadal variations without any dominant or distinct periodicities. compared solar irradiance at top Earth's atmosphere for same data period. At 11...

Abstract Many decadal climate prediction efforts have been initiated under phase 5 of the World Climate Research Programme Coupled Model Intercomparison Project. There is considerable ongoing discussion about model deficiencies, initialization techniques, and data requirements, but not much attention being given to information (DCI) needs stakeholders for decision support. Here, authors report results exploratory activities undertaken assess DCI in water resources agriculture sectors, using...

Abstract This study simulated crop and water yields in the Missouri River Basin (MRB; 1,371,000 km 2 ), one of largest river basins United States, using Soil Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) at a fine resolution 12‐digit Hydrological Unit Codes (HUCs) regionalization calibration approach. Very few studies have entire MRB, those that developed were coarser 8‐digit HUCs minimally calibrated. The MRB was first divided into three subbasins further eleven regions. A “head watershed” selected each...

No Abstract available.

Mehta, Vikram M., Norman J. Rosenberg, and Katherin Mendoza, 2011. Simulated Impacts of Three Decadal Climate Variability Phenomena on Water Yields in the Missouri River Basin. Journal American Resources Association (JAWRA) 47(1):126-135. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2010.00496.x Abstract: The Basin (MRB) is largest river basin United States (U.S.), one most important crop livestock-producing regions world. In a previous study associations between decadal climate variability (DCV) phenomena...

ABSTRACT The Missouri River basin (MRB) is the largest river in United States and one of most important agricultural regions world. Three decadal climate variability (DCV) phenomena—the Pacific oscillation (PDO), tropical Atlantic sea surface temperature (SST) gradient (TAG), west warm pool SST (WPWP)—substantially influence hydrometeorology MRB. authors report on a simulation study with Soil Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) to estimate impacts water availability response realistic values PDO,...

The response of the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans to net atmospheric freshwater (evaporation minus precipitation (EmP)) between 1988 2000 was studied using a global ocean general circulation model developed in Massachusetts Institute Technology. Evaporation estimates from Goddard Satellite Surface Turbulent Fluxes Global Precipitation Climatology Project were used. Model simulations showed that spatial distribution average sea surface salinity (SSS) changes during 1988–2000 period resembled...

Abstract This paper describes initial results from a broadscale study to assess decadal climate hindcast skills of the HadCM3, GFDL‐CM2.1, NCAR‐CCSM4, and MIROC5 global Earth System Models (ESMs) in experiments conducted under Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 5. Analyses simulation using historical aerosol optical depths show statistically significant predictability skill average tropical sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies during 1961–2010. The skill, however, varies by averaging...

We used the ocean general circulation model (OGCM) developed in Massachusetts Institute of Technology to study response Indo‐Pacific warm pool (IPWP) net atmospheric freshwater flux (NAFW, equal evaporation minus precipitation) at interannual timescales. The OGCM is forced by observed, monthly NAFW from 1988 2000. Our simulations show that magnitude anomalies salinity and temperature reaches about 0.7 practical unit 0.4°C, respectively. typical timescale these variabilities 3–5 years....

Abstract In the study of decadal variations Pacific Ocean circulations and temperature, role anomalous net atmospheric freshwater [evaporation minus precipitation river runoff (EmP)] has received scant attention even though ocean salinity anomalies are long lived can be expected to have more variance at low frequencies than high frequencies. To explore magnitude temperature their generation processes, authors studied response idealized EmP in Tropics subtropics using an general circulation...

Decision makers in drought-prone regions of the world and international organizations responsible for drought relief require advance information, preferably on decadal timescale, future hydro-meteorological conditions. Focusing Southern Africa (SA), a region subject to droughts, we used indices four climate variability phenomena, statistically associated with Self-calibrating Palmer Drought Severity Index (SC-PDSI), hindcast/forecast by MIROC5 Earth System Model from 1961 2019–2020,...

Data from decadal hindcast experiments conducted under CMIP5 were used to assess the ability of CM2.1, HadCM3, MIROC5, and CCSM4 Earth System Models (ESMs) sea-surface temperature (SST) indices Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), tropical Atlantic SST gradient (TAG) variability, West Warm Pool (WPWP) variability 1961 2010. The ESMs initialized at specific times with observed data make 10- 30-year hindcasts/forecasts. Deterministic probabilistic skill estimates show predictability detrended...

The dominant pattern of tropical and subtropical North Atlantic sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies simulated in the GFDL coupled ocean‐atmosphere model is identified compared to observations. spatial temporal variability that resemble observational results. On interannual time scales it shown anomalous heat fluxes, consistent with variations intensity high pressure system atmosphere associated Northeasterly Trade winds, appear be most important process for generating this SST pattern....