Water serves as an inert environment for the dispersion and application of many kinds herbicides. Viologen compounds, a type widely used but highly toxic herbicide, are stable in bulk water, whose half-life can be up to 23 weeks natural imposing severe health risk mammals. In this study, we present striking results spontaneous ultrafast reduction-induced degradation three viologen compounds water microdroplets provide concentration, time, temperature dependence, mechanism, scale-up...

Oxidative C-H/N-H cross-coupling has emerged as an atom-economical method for the construction of C-N bonds. Conventional oxidative coupling requires at least one following: high temperatures, strong oxidizers, transition metal catalysts, organic solvents, light, and electrochemical cells. In this study, by merely spraying water solutions substrates into microdroplets room temperature, we show a series products that are strikingly produced in spontaneous ultrafast manner. The reactions...

The anion of pyridine, C5H5N−, has been thought to be short lived in the gas phase and was only previously observed indirectly. In condensed phase, C5H5N− is known stabilized by solvation with other molecules. We provide this study striking results for formation isolated from microdroplets water containing dissolved pyridine negative ion mass spectrum. gas-phase lifetime estimated at least 50 ms, which much longer than thought. generated captured CO2 molecules form a stable (Py-CO2)−...

A pH, glucose, and dopamine triple-responsive, self-healable adhesive polyethylene glycol hydrogel was developed via the formation of phenylborate–catechol complexation.

Due to the adverse health effects and role in formation of secondary organic aerosols, hydroxyl radical (OH) generation by atmospheric fine particulate matter (PM) has been particular research interest both bulk solutions gas phase. However, OH PM at air–water interface water droplets, a unique environment where reactions can be accelerated orders magnitude, long overlooked. Using field-induced droplet ionization mass spectrometry methodology that selectively samples molecules interface,...

Abstract Hydrogel systems based on cross‐linked polymeric materials with adhesive properties in wet environments have been considered as promising candidates for tissue adhesives. The 3,4‐dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) is believed to be responsible the water‐resistant characteristics of mussel proteins. Under inspiration DOPA containing proteins, a dopamine‐modified poly(α,β‐aspartic acid) derivative (PDAEA) was successfully synthesized by successive ring‐opening reactions polysuccinimide...

The multiphase oxidation of SO2 to sulfate in aerosol particles is a key process atmospheric chemistry. However, there large gap between the observed and simulated concentrations during severe haze events. To fill gaps understanding chemistry, combination experiments theoretical calculations provided evidence for direct, spin-forbidden excitation its triplet states using UVA photons at an air-water interface, followed by reactions with water O2 that facilitate rapid formation sulfate....

While Type I and II photosensitizers are often carefully tailored to achieve their respective advantages in treating different cancers, the identifications of mechanisms as such, key reaction intermediates, consequent oxidation products substrates have never been easy. Using our unique home-built field-induced droplet ionization mass spectrometry (FIDI-MS) method that selectively samples molecules at air-water interface, here we show facile determination both a poster-child photosensitizer,...

A dual pH- and reduction-responsive anticancer drug delivery system was developed by conjugating mPEG with a poly(amino acid) derivative using disulfide linker.

The oxidation of antioxidants by oxidizers imposes great challenges to both living organisms and the food industry. Here we show that host-guest complexation carefully designed, positively charged, amphiphilic guanidinocalix[5]arene pentadodecyl ether (GC5A-12C) negatively charged oleic acid (OA), a well-known cell membrane antioxidant, prevents complex monolayers at air-water interface from two potent hydroxyl radicals (OH) singlet delta oxygen (SDO). OH is generated gas phase attacks top...

An injectable dual redox responsive diselenide-containing poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogel was successfully developed by combining the conceptions of hydrogels and diselenides. In first step, four-armed PEG modified with N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS)-activated esters thereafter, crosslinked selenocystamine crosslinkers to form via rapid reaction between NHS-activated amino groups. The cross-sectional morphology, mechanical properties, crosslinking modes were well characterized scanning...

Mechanical force initiates sterile inflammation, a process implicated in diverse physiological and pathological processes. The timely clearance of apoptotic cells by macrophages via efferocytosis is crucial for the proper resolution inflammation averting excessive tissue damage. Despite this, specific role underlying mechanisms mechanical on macrophage remain obscure. By integrating bioinformatics metabolomics analyses, we uncovered how disrupts "arginine metabolism─TCA cycle─mitochondrial...

Rapid rewarming is the standard and most common strategy for treating frostbite. Due to freezing susceptibility lack of thermal effects, traditional therapeutic hydrogels are not suitable being directly applied frostbite therapy in cold conditions. Contrastively, antifreezing photothermal that apt freeze capable wounds deemed hold great application potential such therapy. Nevertheless, these have rarely been researched. Herein, using glycerol as cryoprotectant polydopamine nanoparticles (PDA...

Abstract Fenton or Fenton‐like reactions are ubiquitous in nature, and the hydroxyl radicals (·OH) generated these accountable for a plethora of oxidation processes both environment vivo. Among reactions, lipid initiated by ·OH has long been oversimplified as peroxidation mechanism, but reality, it is highly complicated process that can result large variety products. Using unique field‐induced droplet ionization mass spectrometry (FIDI‐MS) methodology capable selective sampling amphiphilic...

Halogen bonding (XB) has emerged as an important motif in supramolecules and biological systems. Although regarded a strong noncovalent interaction, benchmark measurements of the halogen bond energy are scarce. Here, combined anion photoelectron spectroscopy density functional theory (DFT) study XB solvated Br- anions is reported. The strength between positively-charged σ-hole on Br atom bromotrichloromethane (CCl3 Br) molecule was found to be 0.63 eV (14.5 kcal mol-1 ). In neutral...

The cyclohexanehexone (C6O6) octahydrate molecule was claimed to be synthesized as early 1862. However, the chemical in 1862 study and chemicals used most of existing studies sold by vendors are actually dodecahydroxycyclohexane dihydrate (C6(OH)12·2H2O). Here we revisit our bulk synthesis method C6O6 dehydration C6(OH)12·2H2O material, report mass spectrum that has been highly challenging obtain owing its high sensitivity toward ambient conditions. A new home-built electrospray ionization...

Magnetic- and pH- dually sensitive drug delivery system.