Abstract This survey provides an introduction into eye tracking visualization with overview of existing techniques. Eye is important for evaluating user behaviour. Analysing data typically done quantitatively, applying statistical methods. However, in recent years, researchers have been increasingly using qualitative and exploratory analysis methods based on For this state‐of‐the‐art report, we investigated about 110 research papers presenting techniques data. We classified these identified...

Evaluation has become a fundamental part of visualization research and researchers have employed many approaches from the field human-computer interaction like measures task performance, thinking aloud protocols, analysis logs. Recently, eye tracking also popular to analyze visual strategies users in this context. This added another modality more data, which requires special techniques data. However, only few exist that aim at an integrated multiple concurrent evaluation procedures. The...

We present the results of two perception studies to assess how quickly people can perform a simple data comparison task for small-scale visualizations on smartwatch. The main goal these is extend our understanding design constraints smartwatch visualizations. Previous work has shown that vast majority interactions last under 5 s. It still unknown what actually perceive from during such short glances, in particular with limited display space smartwatches. To shed light this question, we...

Eye tracking has become an important technology to understand where and when people pay visual attention a scene. Nowadays, eye is moving from the laboratory real-world, producing more data at higher rates with extensive amounts of different types. If this trend continues, moves into direction big data. This requires developing new evaluation approaches beyond statistical analysis inspection find patterns in As analysis, analytics one possible for movement analysis. We look current methods...

We investigate how people discover the functionality of an interactive visualization that was designed for general public. While visualizations are increasingly available public use, we still know little about discovers what they can do with these and interactions available. Developing a better understanding this discovery process help inform design public, which in turn make data more accessible. To unpack problem, conducted lab study participants were free to use their own methods...

In eye tracking studies a complex visual stimulus requires the definition of many areas interest (AOIs). Often these AOIs have an inherent, nested hierarchical structure that can be utilized to facilitate analysis tasks. We discuss how this AOI in combination with appropriate visualization techniques applied analyze fixation sequences on differently aggregated levels. An View, Tree, Matrix, and Graph enable bottom-up top-down evaluation sequences. conducted expert review compared our current...

Abstract Eye tracking provides a unique perspective on the inherently visual discourse between visualisation systems and their users, has recently become sufficiently precise affordable to be integrated as regular input into workstations virtual or augmented reality headsets alike. As such, real‐time eye can now contribute significantly towards development of gaze‐aware visualisations that infer monitor users' needs actively support activities. To facilitate such we make three contributions....

We present results of a replication study on smartwatch visualizations with adults aged 65 and older. The older adult population is rising globally, coinciding their increasing interest in using small wearable devices, such as smartwatches, to track view data. Smartwatches, however, pose challenges this population: fonts are often meant be seen at glance. How concise design smartwatches interacts aging-related changes perception cognition, not well understood. replicate that investigated how...

Abstract In eye tracking research, finding movement patterns and similar strategies between participants’ movements is important to understand task solving obstacles. this application paper, we present a graph comparison method using radial graphs that show Areas of Interest (AOIs) their transitions. An analyst investigates single based on dwell times, directed transitions, temporal AOI sequences. Two can be compared directly changes may analyzed. A list matrix approach facilitate the...

Eye tracking experiments are the state-of-the-art technique to study questions of usability graphical interfaces. Visualizations help analyse eye data by presenting it in a way. In this paper we contribute new visualization combining features visualizations for like heat maps, and transition matrices with circular layout. The map diagram uses areas interest (AOIs) orders them alphabetically on layout show transitions between AOIs visually. colour coded segments circle where is mapped respect...

In this paper, we contribute an eye tracking study conducted with pedestrians and cyclists. We apply a visual analytics-based method to inspect pedestrians' cyclists' gaze behavior as well video recordings accelerometer data. This using multi-modal data allows us explore patterns extract common movement strategies. Our results are that participants paid most attention the path itself; advertisements do not distract participants; focus more on than cyclists; perform shoulder checks cyclists...

Several algorithms, approaches, and implementations have been developed to support comparison of scan paths finding interesting path structures. In this work we contribute a visual approach comparison. A key feature is the combination clustering algorithm using Levenshtein distance with parallel visualization technique. The computational methods an interactive allows us use both power pattern algorithms human ability visually recognize patterns. To concept in practice implemented prototype...

During eye tracking studies, vast amounts of spatio-temporal data in the form gaze trajectories are recorded. Finding insights into these time-varying sets is a challenging task. Visualization techniques such as heat maps or plots help find patterns but highly aggregate (heat maps) difficult to read due overplotting (gaze plots). In this paper, we propose transforming movement dynamic graph structure explore visualization problem from new perspective. By aggregating participants over time...

In information visualization, evaluation plays a crucial role during the development of new visualization technique. recent years, eye tracking has become one means to analyze how users perceive and understand system. Since most visualizations are highly interactive nowadays, study should take interaction, in terms user-input, into account as well. addition, think aloud data gives insights cognitive processes participants using Typically, researchers evaluate these sources separately....

Investigating user behavior involves abstracting low-level events to higher-level concepts. This requires an analyst study individual activities, assign codes which categorize behavior, and develop a consistent classification scheme. To better support this reasoning process of analyst, we suggest novel visual analytics approach integrates rich data including transcripts, videos, eye movement data, interaction logs. Word-sized visualizations embedded into tabular representation provide...

People increasingly wear smartwatches that can track a wide variety of data. However, it is currently unknown which data people consume and how visualized. To better ground research on smartwatch visualization, important to understand the current use these representation types smartwatches, identify missed visualization opportunities. We present findings survey with 237 wearers, assess representations commonly displayed watch faces. found predominant display health & fitness data, icons...

Visual analytics (VA) research provides helpful solutions for interactive visual data analysis when exploring large and complex datasets. Due to recent advances in eye tracking technology, promising opportunities arise extend these traditional VA approaches. Therefore, we discuss foundations support systems. We first review the structure range of typical Based on a widely used model, present five comprehensive examples that cover wide usage scenarios. Then, demonstrate model can be...

The success of visualization techniques depends on their support perceptual and cognitive processes to perceive the graphically represented information. Apart from measuring accuracy rates correctly given answers completion times in user studies, eye tracking experiments provide an additional technique analyze visual tasks. This paper presents interdisciplinary approach for studying structures scan paths by means. We propose annotate graphical elements with semantic annotation allows us...

Eye tracking can be a suitable evaluation method for determining which regions and objects of stimulus human viewer perceived. Analysts use eye as complement to other methods more holistic assessment novel visualization techniques beyond time error measures. Up now, most stimuli in are either static or videos. Since interaction is an integral part visualization, should include interaction. In this paper, we present extensive literature review on interactive visualizations. Based the propose...

In this paper, we analyze eye movement data of 26 participants using a quantitative and qualitative approach to investigate how people read natural language text in comparison source code. particular, use the radial transition graph visualization explore strategies during these reading tasks extract common patterns amongst participants. We illustrate via examples can play role at uncovering behavior while versus Our results show that linear order is only partially applicable code reading....

The paper presents an eye tracking study with 17 students (12 novices, 5 non-novices) reading C++ methods. novices were who participated in the during last week of their semester learning C++. non-novices senior had been exposed to programming before. We report on behavior three methods that use different language constructs. analyze fixations at line level code using visualizations derive insights into reading. Results show most transitions made lines are close current read. observe a large...