The MAVEN SupraThermal And Thermal Ion Compostion (STATIC) instrument is designed to measure the ion composition and distribution function of cold Martian ionosphere, heated suprathermal tail this plasma in upper pickup ions accelerated by solar wind electric fields. STATIC operates over an energy range 0.1 eV up 30 keV, with a base time resolution 4 seconds. consists toroidal "top hat" electrostatic analyzer $360^{\circ} \times 90^{\circ}$ field-of-view, combined time-of-flight (TOF)...

Abstract Dipolarization fronts (DFs) are widely believed to host energy conversion processes. However, which mechanism is responsible for the still obscure. Using data from Magnetospheric Multiscale mission, a current sheet observed at DF. This caused by interchange instability bending edge of Inside sheet, Hall electromagnetic field, super Alfvénic electron jets, demagnetization ions and electrons, strong conversion, steady ion flow temperature observed, indicating an electron‐only...

Abstract Magnetic reconnection is the physical process that converts energy from fields to plasmas in space, astrophysical and laboratory plasmas. The Reconnection front (RF) structure generated outflow region participates release budget. Here, we first report a novel crater of magnetic field behind RF, which well supported by both in‐situ observations Magnetospheric Multiscale mission kinetic particle‐in‐cell simulations. theoretical explanations simulations suggests formation possibly due...

Abstract While Mars lacks a global intrinsic magnetic field, it does exhibit crustal anomalies (mostly in its Southern Hemisphere). These directly interact with solar wind, which forms mini‐magnetosphere and region denoted the mini‐magnetopause. Using field plasma measurements from Atmosphere Volatile Evolution, we report novel case of reconnection at Martian In this process, protons oxygen ions atmosphere were accelerated during likely escaped along outflow direction. Magnetic may occur...

Abstract Based on the unprecedented high‐resolution data from Magnetospheric Multiscale mission, we investigate energy dissipation in turbulent reconnection outflow during magnetic terrestrial magnetotail. It is found that this has plenty of intermittent structures at kinetic scales accompanied by abundant current filaments. Strong occurs with a high partial variance increments index, and regions strong Further analyses reveal electron heating presence increase temperature currents. This...

The interaction between the ionospheres of non-magnetized planets or moons and stellar winds planetary plasma flows results in formation an induced magnetosphere, which is generally influenced by external magnetic fields. Observing response magnetosphere to fields crucial for understanding global dynamical processes planets. However, such observations remain limited. Using simultaneous data from Tianwen-1 Mars Atmosphere Volatile Evolution (MAVEN) mission, we present, first time, dynamic...

Abstract Using the high‐resolution data from Magnetospheric Multiscale mission, we performed a statistical analysis on intense energy conversion events (IECEs) in Earth's magnetotail. The results show that average duration of IECEs is 0.14 s, and spatial scale more than 95% smaller one ion inertial length. Intense can occur not only flux ropes, magnetic holes, dipolarization fronts reconnection region plasma sheet, but also sheet boundary layer. prefer to duskside northern hemisphere,...

Abstract We perform a statistical analysis on current density, energy conversion, and electron acceleration in the primary flux ropes (PFRs) secondary (SFRs) distinguished by out‐of‐plane current, respectively. It is found that filaments are plentiful both PFRs SFRs. The closer to center of SFRs, stronger | J is. • E ′ intermittent PFRs. However, almost stays positive local adiabatic electrons SFRs explored. Fermi betatron closely related adjacent magnetic field bulk flow which can lead...

Abstract The flapping motion of the current sheet is a common dynamic phenomenon in planetary magnetosphere and plays an important role transportation energy disturbances. Based on measurements from Cassini spacecraft, we investigate short‐period motions characterized by periods significantly much smaller than rotation cycle Saturn's magnetosphere. Employing Minimum Variance Analysis (MVA) method, new technique developed to distinguish propagation radial azimuthal directions. A total 105...

Abstract Dipolarization fronts (DFs) host plentiful dynamics in the magnetotail. Small‐scale magnetic structures and waves are frequently found at around DFs. Whistler closely related to DFs, flux pileup regions (FPRs) behind DFs thought be source of whistler Statistically, much more observed FPRs than Here, we present an observation a hole DF. Theoretical calculations show that can trapped hole. Furthermore, theoretical suggest cannot DF if has no sub‐structures. Our results indicate...

Abstract Mirror modes are ubiquitous in the space plasma environment. mode storms successive trains of mirror modes, lasting for a long time. Previous studies generally focused on large-scale storms. However, concerning kinetic-scale still lacking. In this work, we report storm embedded magnetic flux rope near-Earth solar wind first As instability develops from unstable to marginally stable, structures that make up present variation small-amplitude dense peaks large-amplitude sparse holes....

Abstract We utilize the data from Parker Solar Probe mission at its first perihelion to investigate three-dimensional (3D) anisotropies and scalings of solar wind turbulence for total, perpendicular, parallel magnetic-field fluctuations kinetic scales in inner heliosphere. By calculating five-point second-order structure functions, we find that three characteristic lengths eddies total perpendicular local reference frame <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"...

Abstract Magnetic reconnection is a universal phenomenon existing in the space. Energy conversion one of essential parts discussed for decades. Positive energy ( J · E ′ &gt; 0) usually regarded as sign electron diffusion region (EDR), while negative &lt; turns out to gather outer EDR. Here we report appearing inflow edge inner EDR, based on Magnetospheric Multiscale mission observations and particle‐in‐cell simulations. Both simulations verify that this mainly contributed from pressure...

Abstract The dramatic changes in the magnetic field at dipolarization front (DF) provide a suitable environment for electron acceleration, which usually can cause flux enhancement of energetic electrons behind front. However, it is unknown whether observed DF are energized locally, and mechanism accelerates unclear. Our study performs direct quantitative analysis to reveal acceleration process using high-time-resolution data from NASA's Magnetospheric Multiscale mission. fluxes 90° enhanced...

Abstract Utilizing the unprecedented high-resolution Magnetospheric Multiscale mission data from 2015 September to 2017 December, we perform a statistical study of electron vortexes in turbulent terrestrial magnetosheath. On whole, 506 vortex events are successfully selected. Electron can occur at four known types magnetic structures, including 78, 42, 26, and 39 observed during crossings current sheets, holes, peaks, flux ropes, respectively. Except for rest “Others” category, defined as...

Abstract It is widely acknowledged that positive energy dissipation J ⋅ E ′ from the fields to plasmas occurs in electron diffusion region (EDR) during magnetic reconnection. There also exists negative outer EDR, but what causes such still unclear. In present study, we applied 2.5‐D particle‐in‐cell simulation investigate EDR through generalized Ohm's law. found of expands space with evolution reconnection, and embodiment dominated by inertial term law due deceleration electrons EDR. This...

Using the Parker Solar Probe data taken in inner heliosphere, we investigate power and spatial anisotropy of magnetic-field spectra at kinetic scales (i.e., around sub-ion scales) solar wind turbulence heliosphere. We find that strong magnetic occurs with strongest perpendicular direction respect to local field (forming an angle theta_B mean flow velocity). The spectral index varies from -3.2 -5.8 when changes 90 180 (or 0) deg, indicating indices turbulence. a diagnosis based on helicity,...

Abstract Intense electromagnetic energy conversion and local magnetic flux transport occur at reconnection fronts (RFs) formed by reconnection. Tailward RFs (TRFs), characterized sharply enhanced negative field normal components accompanied tailward plasma flows, are the propagating dipolarization in Earth's magnetotail. So far TRFs observed merely magnetized planets. Using data from Mars Atmosphere Volatile EvolutioN, we report, for first time, observations of TRF embedded a current sheet...

Abstract Assisted by the Magnetospheric Multiscale mission capturing unprecedented high-resolution data in terrestrial magnetotail, we apply a local streamline-topology classification methodology to investigate categorization of magnetic field topological structures at kinetic scales turbulent reconnection outflow. It is found that strong correlations exist between straining and rotational part velocity gradient tensor as well tensor. Strong energy dissipation prefers occur regions with high...

Abstract Electron vortices are usually embedded within different magnetic structures in space plasmas. The effects, including the nonideal electric field, energy dissipation and of electron on these still unclear. Utilizing unprecedented high‐resolution data from Magnetospheric Multiscale mission terrestrial magnetosheath, we statistically investigate effects structures. Both fields have no obvious correlations with scales vortices. However, compared to scales, stronger found between...

Abstract Space plasmas are turbulent and maintain different types of critical points or flow nulls. Electron vortex, as one type null structure, is crucial in the energy cascade plasmas. However, due to limited time resolution spacecraft observations, can never analyze three-dimensional properties electron vortex. In present study, with advancement FOTE-V method unprecedented high-resolution measurements from four Magnetospheric Multiscale spacecraft, we successfully identify vortex then...