Socioeconomic status (SES) has a measurable impact on many educational outcomes and likely also influences computer science (CS) achievement. We present novel model to account for the observed connections between SES CS examined possible mediating variables achievement, including spatial ability access computing. define as comprised of measurements prior learning opportunities computing, perceptions science, encouragement pursue The factors (SES, ability, achievement) were measured through...

Objective The reported study evaluated a novel approach to aiding geospatial reasoning and decision making. Background Impact mapping aims alleviate the cognitive demands of tasks in part by externalizing data form an integrated surface. This is achieved aggregating across multiple sources information visualizing their combined utility rather than objective measurements or individual utility. Previous research has shown that decisions improve when aided this manner, but it remains unknown if...

Using data from a geo-political forecasting tournament, Mellers et al. (2014) showed that forecast accuracy could be improved by allowing participants to work in teams and providing with probability training. Here, we re-evaluate the results of using an Item Response Theory framework show controlling for variation key aspects methodology alters interpretation original findings. Specifically, compared fit indices seven models over first two years tournament three different ways conditioning...

Despite the common assumption that citations are indicative of an article's scientific merit, increasing evidence indicates citation counts largely driven by variables unrelated to quality. In this article, we treat people's decisions what cite as instance memory retrieval and show observed patterns well accounted for a model memory. The proposed exposure anticipates small alterations in factors affect ability retrieve to-be-cited articles from early their life cycle magnified over time can...

Using data from a geopolitical forecasting tournament, Mellers et al. (2014) [Psychological strategies for winning tournament. Psychological Science, 25, 1106–1115] concluded that ability was improved by allowing participants to work in teams and providing them with probability training. Here, we reevaluated al.’s conclusions using an item response theory framework models latent choices. We found the relationship between estimates forecast accuracy differed interpretation of original...

This study investigated the influence of incidental search costs on decisions to terminate information acquisition and valuation sources. Participants who paid for in a sequential hypothesis testing, medical diagnosis task terminated earlier than those acquired without costs. finding is consistent with research various domains that demonstrates aversive nature exhibited preference highly diagnostic tests over possessing low diagnosticity when cost distributions required participants pay same...

Model-Based Decision Support Systems (MDSS) are ubiquitous in many high-consequence domains like emergency management and military command control. This paper proposes a framework of model-blindness imposed by MDSS via filtering relevant information presenting irrelevant to the decision-maker, causing performance degradation. The also defines novel categories performance: model-limited, strategy-limited, context-limited. We propose theoretical confluence model operator under blindness...

Recent developments in the field of telehealth suggest that novel technologies may ameliorate patients’ limited access to clinicians capable conducting ASD assessments (Koch, 2006). Specifically, studies have shown parents can capture informative behaviors aid autism assessment by using phone-based applications, and use these videos result diagnoses are consistent with those who interact same child person (Nazneen et al., 2015; Smith In press). It is yet unknown how make information gleaned...

Despite the common assumption that citations are indicative of an article’s scientific merit, increasing evidence indicates citation counts largely driven by variables unrelated to quality. In this paper, we treat peoples decisions what cite as instance memory retrieval and show observed patterns well accounted for a model memory. The proposed exposure anticipates small alterations in factors affect people's ability retrieve to-be-cited articles from early their life cycle magnified overtime...

Theories of how people value and search for information share the assumption that beliefs give rise to perceived information. However, few studies have directly addressed pre-search processes influence information-foraging behavior. This experiment examined belief updating on sources. A sample college students completed a hypothesis-testing, medical-diagnosis task. The used medical tests with equal objective informative before unveiling presenting symptom intended alter strength in different...

Adoption and use of misspecified models can lead to impoverished decision-making—a phenomenon we term model blindness. A series two experiments investigated the consequences blindness on human decision-making performance how those be mitigated via an explainable AI (XAI) intervention. The implemented a simulated route recommender system as Decision Support System (DSS) with true data-generating model. In Experiment 1, generating recommended routes was at different levels impose users. 2,...