Wet torrefaction of typical Norwegian biomass fuels was studied within the temperature window 175–225 °C, using a benchtop autoclave reactor 250 mL in volume from Parr Instrument. Two types local were employed as feedstock, Norway spruce (softwood) and birch (hardwood). Effects process parameters including pressure, reaction temperature, holding time, feedstock particle size on yield properties solid products investigated. It appears that wood is more reactive produces less than same wet...

This article presents results from experimental and simulation studies on a laboratory-scale pressurized O2-blown Entrained Flow biomass gasification Reactor (EFR) using pulverized commercial lignin pellets as feedstock. The primary focus lies in the assessment of EFR's performance indicators such H2/CO ratio, Cold Gas Efficiency (CGE), Carbon Conversion (CCE). gasifier was operated at an absolute pressure 8.2 bars, with varying amounts O2 steam. In first series experiments, equivalence...

This work aims to analyze the torrefaction process with Norwegian birch and spruce as feedstocks. Torrefaction experiments were performed in a macro-TGA (thermogravimetric analysis) reactor provisions for continuous volatile measurements through micro-GC (gas chromatography) FTIR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy). The temperature (225 275 °C), holdup time (30 60 min), sample size (10 40 mm cubes) included variations experimental matrix. Fuel characterizations, DTG (derivative...

Torrefaction has been recognized as a promising strategy to improve handling and storage properties of wood-based pellets, thus producing uniform-quality commodity with high energy density hydrophobicity. In this work, pellets produced from spruce stem wood, bark, forest residues were torrefied in bench-scale tubular reactor at 225 275 °C two residence times (30 60 min). The effects torrefaction on general properties, grindability, mechanical hydrophobicity, microstructure the studied...

In this work, Norway spruce stem wood, stump and bark were torrefied in a tubular reactor. The effects of feedstock type torrefaction process parameters such as temperature residence time on the grindability chemical properties biomass samples investigated. comparison to temperature, had smaller wood stump. For raw bark, much less grinding energy is required compared those for Torrefaction has minor bark. cellulose contents reduced slightly at 275 °C. On contrary, content drastically...

The CO2 gasification of pine and birch charcoals was studied by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) at partial pressures 51 101 kPa. Linear stepwise heating programs were employed to increase the information content experimental data sets. Low sample masses used because high enthalpy change. Seven experiments with different conditions evaluated simultaneously for each sample. method least-squares employed. Three reactions appeared in temperature domain (600−1000 °C). first second due...

Flue gas recirculation (FGR) is a conventional means of reducing NOx emissions that involves lowering the peak flame temperature and oxygen concentration in combustion region. Staged air also an effective reduction, especially biomass combustion. This article reports results on set experiments combining FGR staged grate-fired laboratory-scale reactor. Two different compositions recirculated flue were used: CO2 + NO. The varied between 0–8 vol % total inlet flow rate NO 0 64 ppm. locations...

The combustion of four torrefied wood samples and their feedstocks (birch spruce) was studied at slow heating programs, under well-defined conditions by thermogravimetry (TGA). Particularly low sample masses were employed to avoid the self-heating because huge reaction heat combustion. Linear, modulated, constant rate (CRR) temperature programs in TGA experiments gas flows 5 20% O2. In this way, kinetics based on a wide range experimental conditions. ratio highest lowest peak maxima around...

To reach agreed-on climate goals, it is necessary to develop new energy carriers and industrial materials that are carbon-neutral. combat global warming keep Earth’s temperature from increasing by 1.5 °C, some of these solutions need be carbon-negative. This study fulfills this criterion producing clean hydrogen biocarbon suitable for the metallurgic industry through thermal decomposition methane using as a catalyst. Five different biomass samples were used prepare biocarbons at pyrolysis...

In this work the torrefaction of different parts Norway spruce (stem wood, bark, and stump) was studied. Three temperatures were applied: 225, 275, 300 °C with 30 60 minutes isothermal periods. The untreated torrefied biomass materials characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). TGA results are interpreted in terms chemical composition determined cellulose, hemicellulose Klason lignin content. alkali ion contents samples measured ICP-OES technique. It found that effect temperature...

Controlled pyrolysis experiments have been performed on five different biomass types that include birch and spruce woodchips, wood pellets, steam exploded pellets bark. Biocarbons produced at a temperature of 1000 °C slow heating rate 10 °C/min. The focus this work was to study compare the characteristics biocarbons. properties biocarbons were evaluated in terms proximate ultimate analyses, ash composition, SEM-EDX, Raman, XRD, density, abrasion strength. In addition, gas release element...

The pyrolysis kinetics of Norwegian spruce and birch wood was studied to obtain information on the torrefaction. Thermogravimetry (TGA) employed with nine different heating programs, including linear, stepwise, modulated constant reaction rate (CRR) experiments. 18 experiments 2 feedstocks were evaluated simultaneously via method least-squares. Part kinetic parameters could be assumed common for both woods without a considerable worsening fit quality. This process results in better defined...

In an attempt to minimize corrosion in biomass-fired boilers, combustion experiments were performed using binary mixtures of straw with peat, sewage sludge, or grot (branches and treetops). The mixing ratios carefully selected literature thermodynamic calculations. All pelletized. a laboratory-scale multi-fuel reactor. Extensive analytical analysis the system included gas concentration particle size distribution flue gas, elemental composition fuel, bottom ash specific fractions fly ash....

Negative emissions have been highlighted as a key component of achieving the net-zero ambition. However, ground-up approaches are necessary to better understand realistic potential negative technologies at national or continental level. Such an approach was applied in present study bioenergy with carbon capture and storage deliver Norway, starting from mapping quantification biomass until derivation window emission potential. The results indicate that could enable between 1 13 MtCO2/y...

The thermodynamic analysis carried out focuses on biomass mixing to reduce the formation of corrosive (mainly alkali) chlorides during straw combustion. calculations confirm reduction abilities sewage sludge and peat provide information addition levels at which no compounds are expected form. insight into mechanisms responsible for disappearance alkali chlorides. that can potentially take place known (reaction with sulfur reaction or adsorption aluminosilicates other ash compounds). However,...

The heterogeneous nature of solid biomass fuels makes their combustion a substantial challenge compared to the more traditional fuel types, such as fossil and natural gas. Many studies found in literature attempt at identifying enhancements properties after thermal pretreatment step, torrefaction, but only few investigate specifically behavior these fuels. In this study, pellet raw torrefied spruce tree tops branches (T&B) has been investigated with regard emissions gaseous pollutants...

A batch-type reactor was used to study the sulfur release from pellets made of Danish wheat straw during inert conditions. In addition, two means abatement were investigated, use calcium-based additives for retention and nonthermal plasma (NTP) treatment devolatilized products. The results interpreted by quantifying releases hydrogen sulfide (H 2S) carbonyl (COS) gas phase pyrolysis temperatures 400−800 °C. experiments where used, mixed pelletized with either calcium oxide (CaO) or hydroxide...