In this paper, a fast explicit and unconditionally stable finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method is developed, which does not require partial solution of global eigenvalue problem. method, patch-based single-grid representation the FDTD algorithm developed to facilitate both theoretical analysis efficient computation. This results in natural decomposition curl-curl operator into series rank-1 matrices, each corresponds one patch single grid. The relationship then theoretically analyzed...

High-performance electrode materials are fundamental to improving supercapacitor performance, serving as key factors in developing devices with high energy density, power and excellent cyclic stability. Non-stoichiometric spinels phase deficiencies can achieve electrochemical performance that surpasses of stoichiometric materials, owing their unique structural characteristics. In this study, we used a microwave-assisted method synthesize high-performance non-stoichiometric spinel material...

We develop a new time-domain method that is naturally matrix free, i.e., requiring no solution, regardless of whether the discretization structured grid or an unstructured mesh. Its matrix-free property, manifested by diagonal mass matrix, independent element shape used for and its implementation straightforward. No dual mesh, interpolation, projection, lumping are required. Furthermore, we show such capability can be achieved with conventional vector basis functions without any need...

Instability has been a major problem in finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) subgridding methods. Reciprocity proposed to overcome the but with limited success producing symmetric positive semidefinite (SPD) system without compromising accuracy. In this paper, we algebraically derive both 2- and 3-D FDTD operators, which are SPD by construction, independent of grid ratio. Such operators have only nonnegative real eigenvalues, hence stability resulting explicit time marching is guaranteed....

To preserve accuracy in a grid with arbitrary subgrids, finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) subgridding scheme, general, would result an unsymmetric numerical system. Such system can have complex-valued eigenvalues, which will render traditional explicit time marching of FDTD absolutely unstable. In this paper, we develop accurate algorithm suitable for settings contrast ratios between the normal and subgrid. Although resulting matrix is also unsymmetric, time-marching method to overcome...

Existing explicit and unconditionally stable FDTD methods rely on a partial eigenvalue solution of global system matrix to find the unstable modes that cannot be stably simulated by given time step. In this paper, we develop fast method requiring no solutions. method, relationship between fine meshes, use directly identify source instability. We then upfront eradicate instability from numerical before performing an marching. The resultant simulation is absolutely for step irrespective how...

Jitter is a critical factor in the performance of high-speed I/O links. can be modeled as discrete-time random process. Both probability density function (PDF) and spectral characteristics jitter are important for evaluating its impact on channel performance. The concept numerical conditional PDF new statistical method called FastBER proposed this paper to accurately efficiently perform bit-error-rate (BER) analysis while taking into account both an arbitrary sequence arbitrarily low BER...

Signaling analysis of nonlinear high-speed circuits is challenging because it cannot rely on linear time-invariant principles, whereas an exhaustive simulation computationally prohibitive for low bit error rates. To find the worst-case eye, approach requires simulations <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$2^m$</tex-math></inline-formula> patterns a channel...

In this paper, we present a new time-domain method that has naturally diagonal mass matrix and thereby strict linear computational complexity per time step, regardless of whether the discretization is structured grid or an unstructured mesh. This property obtained independent element shape used for discretization. No interpolations, projections, lumping are required. The accuracy stability proposed both theoretically guaranteed. addition, no dual mesh needed tangential continuity fields...

We develop a new matrix-free time-domain method, which requires no matrix solution, in unstructured meshes for general 3-D electromagnetic analysis. The method handles arbitrary with the same ease as finite-element method. Meanwhile, it is free of solutions manifested by naturally diagonal mass matrix, just like finite-difference Different from our previous formulation where traditional curl-conforming vector bases are employed, modified developed this paper to directly connect unknown...

In this paper, we develop a new time-domain method that is naturally matrix free, i.e., requiring no solution, regardless of whether the discretization structured grid or an unstructured mesh. Its matrix-free property independent element shape used for discretization, and its implementation straightforward. The accuracy stability proposed are theoretically analyzed shown to be guaranteed. addition, dual mesh needed tangential continuity fields satisfied across interface. Numerical...

In this paper, we present a new matrix-free time-domain method that does not require matrix solution in nature and is independent of the element shape. The applicable to both structured discretizations unstructured meshes without any need for change. Numerical simulations 2- 3-D examples discretized into irregular elements have validated proposed its generality.

We develop an accurate 3-D matrix-free time-domain method independent of the element shape used for discretization. The accuracy and stability proposed are shown to be theoretically guaranteed. No dual mesh is needed. tangential continuity fields satisfied across interface. Numerical experiments on unstructured meshes with arbitrarily shaped tetrahedron triangular prism elements have validated generality method.

Given an accuracy requirement, there exists a minimal-order model to represent the field solution in general electromagnetic problem involving lossless and/or lossy inhomogeneous materials with arbitrarily shaped structures. In this paper, we develop fast time-domain algorithm find such efficiently. Numerical simulations of integrated circuits and package problems have validated its efficiency.

Bit error rate (BER) is an important figure of merit to evaluate the performance a communication system. Analyzing BER linear-time-invariant system has been extensively studied. However, analyzing nonlinear circuits and systems challenging because it cannot rely on linear time invariant (LTI) principles, while exhaustive simulation computationally prohibitive. To find BER, approach requires simulations <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"...

In this paper, we develop a new time-domain method that is naturally matrix free and independent of element shape used for discretization. No extra modification on traditional vector bases required. Its implementation straightforward. The accuracy stability the proposed are shown to be guaranteed. Numerical experiments variety unstructured tetrahedral meshes have validated generality method.

This article proposes a fast and accurate method for simulating the effect of jitter on signaling performance nonlinear high-speed links, including both worst-case eye bit error rate (BER). It finds low-rank model to represent large solution space accurately. The is constructed efficiently from several hundreds/thousands simulations. Furthermore, developed determine BER links with model. Its lowest at level theoretical value. accuracy, efficiency, scalability proposed have been validated by...

In this paper, allyl maleated rosin ester was synthesized by the esterification of maleic and alcohol with catalyst. And then a new waterborne paper-plastic composite adhesive prepared through semi-continuous emulsion polymerization method ester, butyl acrylate, vinyl acetate acrylic acid as raw materials. The product analyzed IR spectra, its value determined too. Polymer DSC spectra T-style peel strength determined. adsorption effect adhesives to ink also tested. results showed that had...

In this paper, we present a new time-domain method that is naturally matrix free, i.e., requiring no solution, regardless of whether the discretization structured grid or an unstructured mesh. Its matrix-free property independent element shape used for discretization, and its implementation straightforward. No interpolations, projections, mass lumping are required. The accuracy stability proposed theoretically analyzed shown to be guaranteed. addition, dual mesh needed tangential continuity...

In this paper, we present detailed 2-D formulations of a new time-domain method that is naturally matrix free, i.e. requiring no solution, in an unstructured mesh. Numerical experiments demonstrate the accuracy and stability proposed matrix-free arbitrary triangular meshes.

Polyaniline-paper composite is prepared on a paper template by interfacial polymerization. Using SEM and FESEM, the morphology of PANI fiber pores between fibers are inspected based different The flake shape formed surface at beginning due to electrostatic attraction, while granular growing freely. This changed with 3rd polymerization into granular. When resistivity below 100cm/S, linear in nearby, network formed. also confirmed that only remains upside not fully covered fiber. Very few...

In this paper, the polyurethane prepolymer (Component A) was synthesized with PBA, Castor oil, and IPDI as raw material. The structure viscosity of PU characterized by IR spectra rotary rheometer. thermal performance, adhesion properties water resistance cured adhesive films were respectively determined Thermogravimetric analysis (TG), T-style peel strength test, absorption test. results showed that addition castor oil reduced greatly improved adhesive, but never affected performance...