A5013391991- Atmospheric Ozone and Climate
- Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics
- Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols
- Marine and coastal ecosystems
- Ocean Acidification Effects and Responses
- Methane Hydrates and Related Phenomena
- Oceanographic and Atmospheric Processes
- Marine Biology and Ecology Research
- Air Quality Monitoring and Forecasting
- Isotope Analysis in Ecology
- Coastal and Marine Management
- Vehicle emissions and performance
- Mercury impact and mitigation studies
- Marine Ecology and Invasive Species
- Maritime Transport Emissions and Efficiency
- Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics
- Marine and coastal plant biology
- Water Quality Monitoring and Analysis
- Marine and environmental studies
- Geological and Geophysical Studies
- Marine Bivalve and Aquaculture Studies
- Astro and Planetary Science
- Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
- Spacecraft and Cryogenic Technologies
- Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations
GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel
2015-2024
GEOMAR Technologie GmbH - GTG
2023
Kiel University
2003-2007
Max Planck Institute for Chemistry
2007
CommScope (United States)
1999
In order to drive atmospheric models performing forecasts and analyses of air quality composition, an accurate quantification surface emissions from anthropogenic natural sources is required. As part the European Copernicus Atmosphere Service (CAMS), diverse emission datasets have been developed. Global regional for several sectors a large number compounds addition, detailed ships based on ship identification systems Different providing are being processed, such as biogenic volatile organic...
Bromoform (CHBr 3 ) is the largest single source of atmospheric organic bromine and therefore importance as a reactive halogens to troposphere lower stratosphere. The sea‐to‐air flux, originating with macroalgal planktonic sources, main for bromoform. We review bromoform's contribution chemistry, its oceanic distributions sources sinks. have reassessed emissions, based on published aqueous airborne concentration data, global climatological parameters, information concerning coastal biogenic...
Abstract. Volatile halogenated organic compounds containing bromine and iodine, which are naturally produced in the ocean, involved ozone depletion both troposphere stratosphere. Three prominent transporting large amounts of marine halogens into atmosphere bromoform (CHBr3), dibromomethane (CH2Br2) methyl iodide (CH3I). The input to stratosphere has been estimated from observations modelling studies using low-resolution oceanic emission scenarios derived top-down approaches. In order improve...
Abstract. The climate active trace-gas carbonyl sulfide (OCS) is the most abundant sulfur gas in atmosphere. A missing source its atmospheric budget currently suggested, resulting from an upward revision of vegetation sink. Tropical oceanic emissions have been proposed to close gap budget. We present a bottom-up approach including (i) new observations OCS surface waters tropical Atlantic, Pacific and Indian oceans (ii) further improved global box model show that direct are unlikely account...
Shipping emissions are likely to increase significantly in the coming decades, alongside increasing emphasis on sustainability and environmental impacts of maritime transport sector. Exhaust gas cleaning systems ('scrubbers'), using seawater or fresh water as media for sulphur dioxide, progressively used by shipping companies comply with regulations. Little is known about chemical composition scrubber effluent its ecological consequences marine life biogeochemical processes. If scrubbers...
Oceanic bromoform (CHBr 3 ) is the major source of organic Br to atmosphere and may be significant for ozone depletion through contribution reactive bromine upper troposphere lower stratosphere midlatitudes tropics. We report first analyses boundary layer air, surface deep ocean waters from tropical Atlantic. The data provide evidence a CHBr throughout open associated with chlorophyll maximum within thermocline. Equatorial upwelling carries surface, adding increased concentrations in...
Abstract. Emissions of halogenated very short-lived substances (VSLS) are poorly constrained. However, their inclusion in global models is required to simulate a realistic inorganic bromine (Bry) loading both the troposphere, where chemistry perturbs oxidising capacity, and stratosphere, it major sink for ozone (O3). We have performed simulations using 3-D chemical transport model (CTM) including three top-down single bottom-up derived emission inventory brominated VSLS bromoform (CHBr3)...
Abstract. A latitudinal cross-section and vertical profiles of iodine monoxide (IO) are reported from the marine boundary layer Western Pacific. The measurements were taken using Multi-Axis Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) during TransBrom cruise German research vessel Sonne, which led Tomakomai, Japan (42° N, 141° E) through Pacific to Townsville, Australia (19° S, 146° in October 2009. In within tropics (between 20° N 5° S), IO mixing ratios ranged between 1 2.2 ppt,...
Abstract. Oceanic emissions of halogenated very short-lived substances (VSLS) are expected to contribute significantly the stratospheric halogen loading and therefore ozone depletion. The amount VSLS transported into stratosphere is estimated based on in-situ observations around tropical tropopause layer (TTL) modeling studies which mostly use prescribed global emission scenarios reproduce observed atmospheric concentrations. In addition upper-air measurements, direct oceanic available along...
Abstract The atmospheric deposition of both macronutrients and micronutrients plays an important role in driving primary productivity, particularly the low‐latitude ocean. We report aerosol major ion measurements for five ship‐based sampling campaigns western Pacific from ~25°N to 20°S compare results with those Atlantic meridional transects (~50°N 50°S) aerosols collected analyzed same laboratory, allowing full incomparability. discuss sources main nutrient species (nitrogen (N), phosphorus...
Abstract. The first concerted multi-model intercomparison of halogenated very short-lived substances (VSLS) has been performed, within the framework ongoing Atmospheric Tracer Transport Model Intercomparison Project (TransCom). Eleven global models or model variants participated (nine chemical transport and two chemistry–climate models) by simulating major natural bromine VSLS, bromoform (CHBr3) dibromomethane (CH2Br2), over a 20-year period (1993–2012). Except for three simulations, all...
Abstract. We conducted measurements of the five important short-lived organic bromine species in marine boundary layer (MBL). Measurements were made Northern Hemisphere mid-latitudes (Sylt Island, North Sea) June 2009 and tropical Western Pacific during TransBrom ship campaign October 2009. For one-week time series on Sylt mean mixing ratios CHBr3, CH2Br2, CHBr2Cl CH2BrCl 2.0, 1.1, 0.2, 0.1 ppt, respectively. found maxima 5.8 1.6 ppt for two main components CHBr3 CH2Br2. Along cruise track...
Abstract. Bromoform (CHBr3) is one important precursor of atmospheric reactive bromine species that are involved in ozone depletion the troposphere and stratosphere. In open ocean bromoform production linked to phytoplankton contains enzyme bromoperoxidase. Coastal sources higher than sources. However, emissions because transfer tracers into altitude air, i.e. layer, strongly depends on location emissions. For example, tropics more rapidly transported upper atmosphere from latitudes. Global...
Abstract. A suite of oxygenated volatile organic compounds (OVOCs – acetaldehyde, acetone, propanal, butanal and butanone) were measured concurrently in the surface water atmosphere South China Sea Sulu November 2011. strong correlation was observed between all OVOC concentrations seawater along entire cruise track, except for suggesting similar sources sinks ocean. Additionally, several phytoplankton groups, such as haptophytes or pelagophytes, also correlated to OVOCs, indicating that may...
Abstract. Carbonyl sulfide (OCS) and carbon disulfide (CS2) are volatile sulfur gases that naturally formed in seawater exchanged with the atmosphere. OCS is most abundant gas atmosphere, CS2 its important precursor. They have attracted increased interest due to their direct or indirect (CS2 via oxidation OCS) contribution stratospheric sulfate aerosol layer. Furthermore, serves as a proxy constrain terrestrial CO2 uptake by vegetation. Oceanic emissions of both contribute major part...
Oxidative treatment of seawater in coastal and shipboard installations is applied to control biofouling and/or minimize the input noxious or invasive species into marine environment. This allows a safe efficient operation industrial helps protect human health from infectious diseases maintain biodiversity On downside, application chemical oxidants generates undesired organic compounds, so-called disinfection by-products (DBPs), which are discharged article provides an overview on sources...
The iron(II) oxidation kinetic process was studied at 25 stations in coastal seawater of the Macaronesia region (9 around Cape Verde, 11 Canary Islands, and 5 Madeira). In a physicochemical context, experiments were carried out to study pseudo-first-order rate constant (k′, min–1) over range pH (7.8, 7.9, 8.0, 8.1) temperature (10, 15, 20, °C). Deviations from calculated kcal′ same T, pH, S observed for most stations. measured t1/2 (ln 2/k′, min) values ranged 1.82 3.47 min (mean 1.93 ± 0.76...
Natural sources of bromoform (CHBr 3 ) and dibromomethane (CH 2 Br ), including oceanic emissions, contribute to stratospheric tropospheric O depletion. Convective transport over tropical oceans could deliver large amounts these short‐lived organic bromine species the upper atmosphere. High mixing ratios atmospheric CHBr in air masses from northwest African coast have been hypothesized originate biologically active Mauritanian upwelling. During a cruise into upwelling source region spring...
The tropical oceans are a source of reactive bromine to the atmosphere in form short‐lived brominated methanes as bromoform (CHBr 3 ) and dibromomethane (CH 2 Br ). Elevated atmospheric concentrations above related oceanic supersaturations compounds especially upwelling regimes. Although sources these gases open ocean not well understood, they have been habitually linked phytoplankton, diatom abundance. Thus according common assumptions, high trace were expected occur biologically active...
Abstract. We investigate the contribution of oceanic methyl iodide (CH3I) to stratospheric iodine budget. Based on CH3I measurements from three tropical ship campaigns and Lagrangian transport model FLEXPART, we provide a detailed analysis ocean surface cold point in upper tropopause layer (TTL). While average emissions differ by less than 50% campaign campaign, show much stronger variations within each campaign. A positive correlation between efficiency troposphere–stratosphere has been...
Abstract. Marine-produced short-lived trace gases such as dibromomethane (CH2Br2), bromoform (CHBr3), methyliodide (CH3I) and dimethyl sulfide (DMS) significantly impact tropospheric stratospheric chemistry. Describing their marine emissions in atmospheric chemistry models accurately possible is necessary to quantify on ozone depletion Earth's radiative budget. So far, of have mainly been prescribed from emission climatologies, thus lacking the interaction between actual state atmosphere...
Abstract. Halogenated very short-lived substances (VSLSs) are naturally produced in the ocean and emitted to atmosphere. When transported stratosphere, these compounds can have a significant influence on ozone layer climate. During research cruise RV Sonne subtropical tropical west Indian Ocean July August 2014, we measured VSLSs, methyl iodide (CH3I) for first time bromoform (CHBr3) dibromomethane (CH2Br2), surface seawater marine atmosphere derive their emission strengths. Using Lagrangian...
Abstract. At present, anthropogenic halogens and oceanic emissions of very short-lived substances (VSLSs) both contribute to the observed stratospheric ozone depletion. Emissions long-lived have been reduced are currently declining, whereas biogenic VSLSs expected increase in future climate due activities affecting production emissions. Here, we introduce a new approach for assessing impact halocarbons on by calculating their depletion potential (ODP)-weighted Seasonally spatially dependent,...