Multilevel converters have been under research and development for more than three decades found successful industrial application. However, this is still a technology development, many new contributions commercial topologies reported in the last few years. The aim of paper to group review these recent contributions, order establish current state art trends technology, provide readers with comprehensive insightful where multilevel converter stands heading. This first presents brief overview...

Cascaded multilevel inverters synthesize a medium-voltage output based on series connection of power cells which use standard low-voltage component configurations. This characteristic allows one to achieve high-quality voltages and input currents also outstanding availability due their intrinsic redundancy. Due these features, the cascaded inverter has been recognized as an important alternative in market. paper presents survey different topologies, control strategies modulation techniques...

Modular multilevel converters have several attractive features such as a modular structure, the capability of transformer-less operation, easy scalability in terms voltage and current, low expense for redundancy fault tolerant high availability, utilization standard components, excellent quality output waveforms. These increased interest industry research this topology, resulting development new circuit configurations, converter models, control schemes, modulation strategies. This paper...

Multilevel converters are considered today as the state-of-the-art power-conversion systems for high-power and power-quality demanding applications. This paper presents a tutorial on this technology, covering operating principle different power circuit topologies, modulation methods, technical issues industry Special attention is given to established technology already found in with more in-depth self-contained information, while recent advances contributions addressed useful references....

Modular multilevel converter (MMC) is one of the most promising topologies for medium to high-voltage high-power applications. The main features MMC are modularity, voltage and power scalability, fault tolerant transformer-less operation, high-quality output waveforms. Over past few years, several research studies conducted address technical challenges associated with operation control MMC. This paper presents development circuit their mathematical models over years. Also, evolution...

The evolution of power electronics and its control has been mainly driven by industry applications influenced the development achieved in several technologies, such as semiconductors, converter topologies, automatic control, analog digital electronics. Digital signal processors (DSPs), particular, have experienced an exponential processing power, which until now not fully exploited for purposes converters drive applications. Presently, system technology finds itself a paradigm-changing...

It is well known that predictive control methods can be affected by the presence of modeling errors. The extent to which finite-control-set model (FCS-MPC) influenced parametric uncertainties a recurrent concern at moment evaluating viability this method for power electronics applications. This paper proposes an analytic approach examine influence on prediction error FCS-MPC current in three-phase two-level inverter. analysis shows not only determined mismatch but also instantaneous values...

The development of advanced and more cost-effective industrial processes, driven mainly by the economy scale higher production rates, has boosted presence high-power (HP) drives in several sectors. In addition, efficiency become a major figure merit today's industry because economical benefits along with importance sustainability. This led to demand for adjustable speed (ASDs), increasing their percentage share market greatly dominated standard direct grid-connected motor (still than 80%...

In this paper, a finite control set model predictive controller for closed-loop of an active front-end rectifier is presented. The proposed method operates in discrete time and does not require additional modulators. key novelty the algorithm presented lies way dynamic references are handled. strategy capable providing suitable source power rectified voltage, without requiring loops. Experimental results show that fast accurate tracking dc voltage reactive can be achieved, while respecting...

Model predictive control (MPC) methods for applications in power converters have received considerable attention recent years. The idea behind MPC is to use a mathematical model of the system predict its future behavior within predefined time. An optimization problem that includes objectives, predicted variables, and possible constraints solved, yielding actions be applied.

The modular multilevel converter (MMC) is currently one of the power topologies which has attracted more research and development worldwide. Its features, such as high quality voltages currents, modularity voltage rating, have made MMC a very good option for several applications including high-voltage dc (HVdc) transmission, static compensators (STATCOMs), motor drives. However, its unique features large number submodules, floating capacitor voltages, circulating currents require dedicated...

Multilevel converters can reach medium-voltage operation increasing the efficiency of high-power applications. Among existing multilevel converter topologies, modular (MMC) provides advantages high modularity, availability, and power quality. Moreover, main advantage compared to cascaded is lack an input transformer which results in a reduction cooling requirements, size, cost. One drawbacks this topology when used as ac-ac output frequency components control loop, resulting more complex...

This article reviews the present state and trends in development of key parts controlled induction motor drive systems: converter topologies, modulation methods, as well control estimation techniques. Two- multilevel voltage-source converters, current-source direct converters are described. The main part all produced electric energy is used to feed motors, conversion electrical power into mechanical involves motors ranges from less than 1 W up several dozen megawatts.

Predictive control algorithms have been proposed for power electronic converters, featuring a high performance in terms of dynamic behavior. This is true due mainly to the accurate modeling and finite set inputs or possible switching combinations. However, when it used multilevel degraded, because optimization algorithm needs evaluate search over large number In this paper, predictive algorithm, which exhibits proposed. The reduces complexity calculations combinations, allowing use with...

For large-scale photovoltaic (PV) systems, the multistring configuration is becoming more and attractive compared with classical central inverter, since it results in better energy yield by realizing distributed maximum power point tracking. Among existing solutions, an topology consists a single dc bus bar collector cascaded H-bridge (CHB) inverter. Through use of collector, CHB inverter presents inherent balanced operation while PV-system fully decoupled from grid-tie This paper proposes...

This paper explores a utility-scale photovoltaic (PV) plant configuration based on dc-dc stage interfaced directly to modular multilevel converter (MMC) used for an HVdc power station. Since PV systems are dc by nature, the proposed solution has several advantages, such as full operation and step-up transformers avoidance with reliable configuration. The contributions of this experimental validation configuration, while conventional modulation been further enhanced including adaptive...

The large-scale integration of renewable energy sources (RESs) and the increasing number -storage (FS) systems connected to grid will create a big challenge for power flow management at distribution level. In this new scenario, solid-state transformer (SST) be highly efficient key element providing controllable in grids. SSTs not only mimic operation conventional transformers, which scale voltage level between primary secondary terminals, but they also control bidirectional flow, stabilize...

Hybrid multi-cell converters present a highly non-linear power distribution at each cell. Moreover, the cells with smaller DC link voltage can regenerate power, even if load is not active. This paper shows active in terms of modulation index, highlighting regenerative operation. The calculated based on fundamental term switching pattern obtained by nearest level or round modulation. technique described as comparison algorithm to allow mathematical analysis. that low operation which depends...

In this paper, a phase-locked loop algorithm appropriated for digital-signal-processor-based control implementations, where the operation of static-power converter needs to be synchronized with an ac network, is presented. The proposed includes multiplier, filter, feedback closed loop, and numerically controlled oscillator stage. As result, discrete sine (and cosine) signal generated in synchronism fundamental component external-reference (ER) signal. Moreover, sampling period adjusted at...

Large-scale grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) energy conversion systems operate at low voltage and are interfaced to medium-voltage high-voltage ac utility grids through one or two step-up transformer stages. In addition, the power is performed with either a single stage dc-ac converter (central inverter) dc-dc/dc-ac (string multi-string inverter). However, prime solar irradiation regions in world not always located close available lines, some cases far away from main consumption areas....

This paper presents a new grid connected photovoltaic energy conversion system configuration for large scale power plants. The grid-tied converter is based on modular multilevel using voltage source H-bridge cells. proposed capable of concentrating multimegawatt PV plant with distributed string MPPT tracking capability, high quality and increased efficiency compared to the classic two-level converters. main challenge handle inherent unbalances which may occur, not only between different...

Modular multilevel converters offer several benefits, such as high scalability and power quality, which are particularly advantageous for high-voltage dc transmission systems. However, the control of is very challenging due to number objectives be achieved simultaneously. The input output currents must controlled at their own references, these references properly generated in order keep average capacitor voltage constant. circulating current can either minimize losses or reduce ripple....

Power systems face numerous challenges to address the growing need for sustainable energy worldwide. Several tasks directly focused on power operations can be either partially or completely automated by an unmanned teleoperated robotic system. Robots improve efficiency, reduce labor costs, and, most importantly, avoid operational risks, since plants and transmission lines are hostile environments humans. Although there has been some preliminary development of applications in several related...

The modular multilevel converter (MMC) has become the most promising topology for medium- and high-power applications. In this paper, a sliding mode control (SMC) based method is proposed MMC. Based on analysis of system dynamics under method, relations among parameters their validity conditions are obtained, which provide guidance systematic controller design. Compared with conventional proportional-integral SMC-based provides comparable steady state performance faster dynamic responses,...

This paper addresses the practically important question of when a nonlinear system can be asymptotically stabilized with linear proportional-integral (PI) controller, and shows that it is possible if passified constant (though unknown) control actions. simple result then used to propose constructive methodology design PI schemes for switched power converters, which are viewed from novel perspective: switches acting as effective "port variables" establish passive mapping suitably defined...