Portland cement and supplementary cementitious materials (SCM) are crucial components in the mixture design of High-Performance Concrete (HPC). In certain regions, constrained ready market availability SCM may limit widespread adoption HPC, namely when a long-term supply is envisaged. These circumstances demand research into sustainable cost-effective HPC mix designs independent expensive imported SCM, such as silica fume. Using locally available reduces costs carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions...

In this article, we address the problem of parameter estimation a partially observed linear hypoelliptic stochastic system in continuous time, relevant various fields, including mechanical and structural engineering. We propose an online approach which is approximation to expectation–maximization (EM) algorithm. This combines Kalman–Bucy filter, deal with partial observations, maximum likelihood estimator for degenerate n-dimensional under complete observation. The performance proposed...

Water resources have become a growing concern in society. This is largely due to the scarcity of this natural asset and realisation that increasing demand could lead future conflicts. Sometimes, human action limits access water or alters flows. Run-of-river hydropower schemes manage river flows on short-term basis, altering flow rivers according energy needs consumers risk flooding. The aim work show how model predict hourly run-of-river reservoir, using Crestuma-Lever dam Douro (Portugal)...

A queuing system resulting from a signalized intersection regulated by pretimed control in network of urban traffic is considered. Modeling the queue length and delay vehicles crucial to evaluate performance intersections equipped with signals. Air quality rational use energy also depend on an efficient management intersections. These systems have specificity that server (green signal) deactivated (red during fixed period time. In present work, M/D/1 occasionally takes vacations analyzed....

One of the main obstacles to a wider use self-compacting concrete (SCC) is its sensitivity small variations constituent materials, mix proportions, and other external factors. The objective this paper illustrate how evaluate compare robustness SCC mixtures optimized according various economic criteria while maintaining water/cement ratio fresh state target properties. optimization derived from numerical models, central composite design developed mathematically model influence mixture...

This work presents a microscopic stochastic simulation model that emulates the traffic movements at signalized intersections with semiactuated signal operation. uses Awesim language to implement and facilitate evaluation of numerous operating scenarios associated vehicle-actuated control strategies isolated intersections. A validation procedure was carried out, field data were collected, delays green times observed in compared those estimated by program. The adequacy this represent...

The ability to predict coastline evolution in the long term is of great importance coastal managers for social, economic and environmental risk assessment purposes. A Bayesian statistical approach problem modeling predicting occurrence major failure events soft coasted cliffs presented. This combines available data with expert judgement about behavior cliff under study. Expert described form expected values occurrences, confidence or degree belief subjective probability extremes. WinBUGS...

EN 196-1 states that the compressive strength result of testing standard mortar specimens corresponds to average six individual measurements. If one measurements varies more than ±10 % from average, it must be excluded, and a new is calculated with five remaining values. This methodology might interesting for quality control or characterization cement; however, may not best approach research scientific purposes. Applying non-standard cement-based mortars multiple even unconventional...

Tailing storage facilities are very complex structures whose failure generally leads to catastrophic consequences in terms of casualties, serious environmental impacts on local biodiversity, and disruptions the mineral supply. For this reason, at risk must be reinforced or decommissioned. One possible option is its reinforcement with compacted filtered tailings stabilized binders. Alkali-activated binders provide a more sustainable solution than ordinary Portland cement but require an...

The use of SCC in Europe began the 1990s and was mainly promoted by precast industry. Precast companies generally prefer high early-strength concrete mixtures to accelerate their production rate, reducing demoulding time. From a materials science point view, self-compacting mixes may be challenging because they present contradicting mixture design requirements. For example, low water/binder ratio (w/b) is key achieving early strength. However, it impact ability, which very sensitive Vw/Vp....

The mixture design of cement-based materials can be complex due to the increasing number constituent raw and multiple requirements in terms engineering performance economic environmental efficiency. Designing experiments based on factorial plans has shown a powerful tool for predicting optimising advanced materials, such as self-compacting high-early-strength mortars. Nevertheless, factor interactions required scheduling increases considerably with factors. Consequently, probability that do...

Stochastic properties of systems formed by many passive particles conducted four point vortices, each one with positive circulation, are investigated. A statistical chi(2) test is developed in order to study the spatial distribution chaotic background (lambda(L)>0). The fact that uniform an invariant measure used debug test. This procedure applied same conditions as described Babiano et al. uniformity particles. It observed not attained up times 10(5) natural time unity, when either a...

A signalized intersection regulated by pre-timed control in an urban traffic network is considered. method for computing the mean delay of vehicles based on theory queues with server vacations adapted from existing literature and algorithm numerical implementation proposed. Arrivals are assumed to occur according a batch Markovian arrival process (BMAP). The proposed alternative previous methods that includes improvement computation queue invariant probabilities. In case isolated...

The asymptotic behavior of a nonlinear continuous time filtering problem is studied when the variance observation noise tends to 0. We suppose that signal two-dimensional process from which only one components noisy and one-dimensional function this signal, depending on unnoisy component, observed in low channel. An approximate filter considered order solve problem. Under some detectability assumptions, we prove error converges 0, an upper bound for convergence rate given. efficiency...