Abstract Background Hot weather leads to increased illness and deaths. The Heatwave Plan for England (HWP) aims protect the population by raising awareness of dangers hot weather, especially those most vulnerable. Individuals at risk effects heat include older adults, particularly 75+, with specific chronic conditions, such as diabetes, respiratory heart conditions. HWP recommends protective actions which relate five heat-health alert levels (levels 0–4). This study examines attitudes adults...

In May 2020, England implemented "deemed consent" legislation, to make it easier for individuals donate their organs and convey decision when alive. Families are supposed support the but can still override if they disagree. We aimed learn more about this changed role families were approached organ donation.

Diagnosis of malaria in children is difficult without laboratory support because the symptoms and signs overlap with those other febrile illnesses such as pneumonia. Nevertheless, many parts Africa diagnosis must be made investigation. Therefore, a scoring system has been developed to assist peripheral health care workers making this diagnosis. Four hundred seven Gambian aged 6 months 9 years who presented rural clinic fever or recent history were investigated. A was 159 had 38 degrees C...

Background Preceded by a national media campaign, in May 2020, England switched to soft opt-out system of organ donation which rests on the assumption that individuals meeting specific criteria have consented unless they expressed otherwise. We aimed learn more about how changes were communicated, people responded and any discrepancies between key messages interpreted public. Methods Summative content analysis 286 stories related reader-generated comments leading UK online news sources...

Background In May 2020, England implemented soft ‘opt-out’ or ‘deemed consent’ for deceased donation with the intention of raising consent rates. However, this coincided COVID-19 pandemic, making it difficult to assess early impact law change. Wales and Scotland changed their organ legislation implement opt-out systems in 2015 2021 respectively. This study provides a descriptive analysis changes transplant rates England, Wales. Methods Logistic regression trend were employed probability...

In May 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic, England implemented a 'soft' opt-out system of consent to deceased organ donation. As part wider evaluation, this analysis focused on perceptions health care professionals, specifically their experiences implementation. Mixed-methods study informed by Normalisation Process Theory, based two national surveys professionals and interviews, observations document analysis, across case sites. Routine NHS Blood Transplant's audit data provided context. 70...

<h3>Objective</h3> The Health and Social Care Act 2012 (‘HSCA 2012’) introduced a new, statutory, form of regulation competition into the National Service (NHS), while at same time recognising that cooperation was necessary. NHS England9s policy document, Five Year Forward View (‘5YFV’) 2014 placed less emphasis on without altering legislation. We explored how commissioners providers understand complex regulatory framework, they behave in relation to cooperation. <h3>Design</h3> carried out...

Land degradation and pollution caused by population pressure economic development pose a threat to the sustainability of Earth’s surface, especially in tropical regions where long history chemical weathering has made surface environment particularly fragile. Systematic baseline geochemical data provide means monitoring state identifying problem areas. Regional surveys have already been carried out some countries, with increased national international funding they can be extended cover rest...

Abstract Background In the UK, over 7,000 people are on waiting list for an organ transplant and there inequalities in need, access time organs, with notable differences between minority ethnic groups. May 2020, England changed law introduced a ‘soft’ opt-out system of consent to donation view increase rates. We aimed learn more about impact change attitudes views likely be relevant deceased different population subgroups. Methods Mixed-methods design involving latent class analysis data...

In a longitudinal prospective study 58 schoolgirls with covert bacteriuria were followed up for an average of 11.2 years (range 8.8 to 13.5 years). Intravenous urography was carried out at the start (aged 4 11 years) and after completion follow period 14.8 22.3 After random allocation 27 these girls received intermittent treatment first four control group no treatment. The effect bacteriuria, treatment, vesicoureteric reflux, reflux nephropathy presentation on final renal length, progression...

Since the beginning of 1990s public healthcare system in England has been subject to reforms. This resulted a structurally hybrid service with elements market. Utilizing theory new institutionalism, this article explores National Health Service ( NHS ) managers' views on competition and cooperation as mechanisms for commissioning health services. We interrogate extent institutional change by examining understanding formal rules, normative positions frameworks action under regime Social Care...

Abstract This article contributes to the literature on tools of governance by examining role national policy pilots from perspective local implementers, using interviews with directors adult social services in elected government England. Previous research same settings has shown that actors often find experience participating frustrating. attempts explain why authorities volunteer for such schemes. Drawing varieties experimentalism and Anglo‐Governmentality, explores ambiguous piloting...

Background Some 15 million people in England have a long-term condition (LTC) but there is concern about whether or not the NHS meets their needs. To address this, consecutive governments developed policies aimed at improving service delivery and patient public engagement involvement (PPEI). There has been little research that examines impact benefit of PPEI commissioning. This project explored role commissioning for with LTCs. The was undertaken during period substantial change English NHS,...

Abstract This paper examines how care home managers in England conceptualised the approach to delivering personalised homes they managed. We conducted interviews with and mapped approaches described on two distinct characterisations of prominent research practitioner literature: importance close relationships degree resident choice decision-making promoted by home. derived three ‘types’ homes. These conceptualise as an ‘institution’, a ‘family’ ‘hotel’. have added fourth type,...

<h3>Background</h3> Clinical commissioning groups (CCGs) are required to demonstrate meaningful patient and public engagement involvement (PPEI). Recent health service reforms have included financial incentives for general practices develop reference (PRGs). <h3>Aim</h3> To explore the impact of participation direct enhanced (DES) on development PRGs, influence PRGs decision making within practice, their interface with CCGs. <h3>Design setting</h3> A mixed-methods approach three case study...

6133 Background: Symptom burden is the combined impact of symptoms from disease and treatment on daily functioning. Lack symptom recognition may result in failure to address maximize patient Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) can be endpoints clinical trials establish benefits. The purpose this study was define content domain for a PRO measure chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) burden. Methods: This stage I develop CML symptom-burden measure. Thirty-five patients with...

Abstract In 2012, the Government invited local councils in England to participate a pilot programme test direct payments residential care. While was set up allow for comprehensive summative evaluation, uptake of care substantially lower than anticipated, with only 40 people receipt one at end programme. Drawing on qualitative data collected this paper aims understand better barriers implementing Evidence from use domiciliary identified gatekeeping by council frontline staff as major barrier...

Direct payments, i.e. cash payments made directly to the individual in lieu of social care services, have become an established option council-funded domiciliary as a means better personalize and support. As part its agenda modernize care, Government tested their use long-term residential 18 trailblazing councils England. This article presents findings from independent evaluation this initiative, using interviews with project leads seconded programme all participating councils, council home...

The quality of food that children eat in early childhood has profound impacts on their future wellbeing. In England, many the majority meals years' settings including nurseries and childminders. We conducted 16 interviews with 18 stakeholders exploring provision, use voluntary nutrition guidelines, effects government support sector. Key themes emerging from our thematic analysis included feeling insufficiently consulted, undervalued, being unequally distributed, needing to fill multiple...