ABSTRACT. The photocatalytic activity of TiO₂ can be enhanced by binding it to materials with high adsorption capacity. synthesis began the mixture 5 mL TTIP, 30 ethanol, and H₂O stirred for 1 hour. Activated carbon made from coffee grounds in varying amounts (5 g, 10 15 g) was then added TTIP solution, 2 hours. placed an autoclave, heated at 180°C 12 hours, dried, calcined 500°C 3 SEM morphological analysis showed that particles were attached surface activated carbon, which further...

Nanorefrigerants are promising candidates for enhancing heat transfer in heating, ventilation, air conditioning, and refrigeration applications. This study investigates the performance subcooling line a domestic system condenser using both mono hybrid nanorefrigerants. focuses on turbulent flow of nanorefrigerant R134a/Cu, R134a/Al₂O₃ R134a/Cu-Al₂O₃ at varying mixing ratios volume fractions 1% 4% straight circular smooth pipe. Numerical simulations were conducted ANSYS Fluent, employing...

The reduction of world oil reserves fossil fuels and increasing environmental concerns significantly influences the popularity biodiesel as an alternative diesel. This research investigates effects storage duration variant blending waste cooking ratio under different temperature on fuel properties. samples were stored at temperatures monitored regular interval over a period 70 days. Blending was varied from 5vol % (WCO5) ~15vol% (WCO15) 24°C~35°C. These weekly conditions properties such...

Emulsions are inherently thermodynamically unstable systems that exhibit destabilization over time. This study focuses on investigating the kinetics of palm oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions prepared in a high-speed rotor without use emulsifiers, under vacuum conditions. The examined three different ratios O/W: 5:95, 10:90, and 15:85. Emulsification was achieved by employing rotor-stator homogenizer operating at 45,000 rpm, this process completed within span 3 minutes. Over time, these displayed...

Neuropathic pain is a chronic condition persisting past the presence of any noxious stimulus or inflammation. Zerumbone,

Biodiesel is an alternative fuel derived from varies sources of vegetable oils, animal fat, or waste frying oil to give the corresponding fatty acid methyl ester. The properties CPO biodiesel and SVO have been investigated at different temperature. was blended up palm blending ratio 515vol% (B5B15) straight (S5S15). were tested 27.5°C, 40°C, 50°C 60°C with observed changes density, kinematic viscosity, flash point, water contents, value. In this study, found a higher value diesel under all...

The research study was carried out for the safety of highway maintenance workers in order to avoid incidents or hazards direct emergency lane on through implementation a danger sensor device which known as Signal Warning Detector (SWAD).The distance detected object at certain and sent signal output via siren light.The mounted worker vehicle.It also receiver alert employee by giving early detected.The alerted vibrating vibrator motor that attached worker's arm.The main objective SWAD increase...

In this study, determine of spray droplets size (SMD) using water sensitive paper (WSP) at low fluid pressure with deflector nozzle or tangential flow model Delavan AL75 and New Design Nozzle two different type swirl (ND2.5 A1.0 & ND2.5 B1.0). These three deflected flat sprays have used liquid mixing ratio. mixture ratios are pure water, 10% lime juice + 90% (L10W90) 30% 70% (L30W70). WSP is to collect the from nozzles. The operational each 3 bar, while air pressures bar 6 bar. Then, were...

Abstract Automated pet feeder is a product that would replace manual feeding method which can be set at required amount and time. Innovation of used to overcome forgetful the owner feed their avoid extra spending expenses by leaving them hotel. The objective this project design develop mechanism for feeder. In project, Arduino as microcontroller control operate system with given Finite element analysis analyze maximum stress designed withstand. Furthermore prototype testing on experimental...

Biodiesel based on vegetable oils offer the advantage being a sustainable and environmentally attractive alternative to conventional petroleum fuel. is produced from any fat or oil such as soybean oil, through refinery process called transesterification. The key issue in using oil-based fuels oxidation stability, stoichiometric point, bio-fuel composition, antioxidants degradation much oxygen with comparing diesel gas oil. can be used pure fuel blended percentage but standard storage...

Today, global warming is the biggest issues due increasing of emissions from diesel fuel in transportation and manufacturing sectors [1-. The solution for this issue by using Biodiesel as alternative both sectors. Malaysia government has introduced (B5) engine transportations [3]. (BDF) renewable energy but it low quality can reduce performance compared to (DF)[4-6].

Work environment in highway construction are hazardous due to the particular dynamic and limited workspace availability. Within work zones, a variety of encounters involving employees, passing cars, moving equipment exists, creating risky situations that may result injury or death. Active approaches, such as deployment intrusion detection alert devices employees maintenance transportation infrastructure, can be effective reducing these unforeseen situations. The study focus on development...

A distance sensor system was used as wireless danger signal detector controlled by Arduino programming that detected any potential coming in target range. The operated sending signals based on the reading. purpose of safety to increase procedure and precaution for maintenance workers currently doing their job at emergency lane highway. In certain range radar detection, when or accident approach, send carried out duty medium alarm caution three ways, which were through sound, vibration visual.

Abstract A great number of studies have consistently reported that people’s monthly incomes and salaries a influence on their mobility pattern. Fuel price increases affected the expenditure certain people, which lead to reduction travel frequency or change in modes transport. Rural people are believed fewer options for mode transportation comparison urban thus most them use own vehicles travel. Therefore, there is major difference patterns between rural especially when costs increase due...

Biofuels based on vegetable oils offer the advantage being a sustainable and environmentally attractive alternative to conventional petroleum fuel. The key issue in using oil-based fuels is oxidation stability, stoichiometric point, bio-fuel composition, antioxidants degradation much oxygen with comparing diesel gas oil. This provides critical review of current understanding main factor storage method which affecting biodiesel properties characteristics. In quest for fulfill industry...

Solid oxide fuel cell has become one of the interest in sustainable energy field. In order to improve efficiency a solid (SOFC), interconnect must be coated with protective coating (MnCO) 3 O 4 spinel stainless steel. Commercial manganese cobalt was used as on ferritic steel this study using electrophoretic deposition (EPD) technique. This article examines impact voltage towards morphological characteristics. The goals these studies are find best parameter while experimenting deposition....

Concept of the water mist spray in CKV system is to clean gas filter at kitchen hood. This research aims analyze behavior and flow characteristics produced by nozzle. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model with k-epsilon turbulence method a simulation tool for characterization sprays. The case1, case 2 3 have same pattern type graph. Changes seen pressure velocity. value was decreasing from first point inlet until last nozzle orifice. total values 1, 2, are 99.997 kPa, 199.991 kPa...

This study focus on the grease emission filtration from cooking process using fresh cold water & recirculation with load will obtain 4 pieces of chicken and scale kitchen hood Halton Food service.In this study, mist operation are applied to reduce temperature inside ductwork control produce smoke.The parameter conducted in is carbon monoxide, oxide, volatile organic compound, temperature.This compared wastewater.From data available we could identify that used exceeded value allowable...

Abrasive blasting is a process that widely used to clean and remove the coating on surface by using variety of media.In Malaysia, subjected under Occupational Safety Health (Use Standard Exposure Chemical Hazardous Health) Regulations 2000 (USECHH 2000), Factories Machinery (Mineral Dust) 1989.This study was done find out concentration composition dust during process.The conducted about eight hours which two types media; aluminium oxide steel shot.Two methods were collect from process; NIOSH...

Diesel engines are still widely needed and applicable to agriculture, construction, light duty passenger car heavy vehicles. In recent years, limited supply of fossil fuel makes alternative sources especially biodiesel receiving a lot attention in the automotive industry. However, using as had created poor fuel-air mixing that generally will produce lower performance higher emissions than diesel fuel. This phenomenon associated with properties viscosity compared The aim this study is...

This paper describes experimental studies on the physical properties of processed lime juice to dissolve with water.Lime as known organic citric acid have many advantages in our life especially food industries, pharmaceutical anticancer and antioxidant cleaning agent.Physical liquid include pH, viscosity, density, molar mass surface tension.This Study conducted using common laboratory apparatus such Pycnometer, pH device (HI 9811 pH), Viscolite700 etc.The additional by percentage water was...

Abstract In Malaysia, public transport is well renowned for assisting its residents from place to while also working lower the travel cost. However, perspective of bus supplier, free-fare service may have significant fuel, maintenance, personnel and infrastructure costs that might not be met by money passenger fees. long run, this can an impact on service’s viability financial sustainability. order assess return investment does anticipate a monetary return, study passengers’ satisfaction...