Shape and topology optimization problems are usually associated with geometrical restrictions. Effective control of structural complexity during the process is important for various considerations, e.g., functionality, manufacturability, aesthetics. Most existing approaches characterize as number cavities. However, three-dimensional structures, genus (i.e., tunnels) should also be considered an additional topological constraint. In this paper, a hole-filling method integrated into...

Healthcare system reform of Sanming city has become a leading healthcare model in China. It developed rigorous pharmaceutical consisted the Zero Mark-up Drug Policy and Centralized Procurement Medicine to bring down drug expenses total health expenditures. However, despite credit much attention have been given Sanming's reform, its impact still remains unclear. Therefore, purpose this study was explore on both expenditures.Interrupted time series analysis with three segments divided by two...

In recent years, topology optimization of periodic structures has become an effective approach to generating efficient designs that meet a variety practical considerations, including manufacturability, transportability, replaceability, and ease assembly. Traditional structural typically restricts uniform assembly configuration utilizing only one type unit cell. This study proposed novel clustering-based for optimization, which allows variable orientations individual cells. A dynamic k-means...

Objective Diabetes mellitus is a common condition often associated with an ageing population. However, only few longitudinal studies in China have investigated the incidence of diabetes and identified its risk factors. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate factors Chinese people aged ≥45 years using harmonised Health Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) data. Design A dynamic cohort study. Setting The CHARLS 2011–2018. Participants 19 988 adults years. Primary outcome measure Incident...

Free-form surfaces are increasingly used in contemporary architectural designs for their unique and elegant shapes. However, fabricating these doubly curved using panel frame systems presents challenges due to the shape variability of nodes, beams panels. In this study, we propose a mesh-based computational design framework that clusters optimizes components together, reducing variety elements free-form surfaces. Our method employs vertex-based similarity metric partition panels into...

Since few studies evaluated the impact of global budget payment system (GBPS) over time, and by expenditure type, this paper aims to evaluate GBPS on inpatients, explores how hospitals curb in patients with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) Shanghai. We built a time series model monthly CVDs from 2009 2012. instant trends analyzed results based medical types (e.g., drug, examination, cure, unclassified items), discharge number, per capita. found instantly dropped Chinese Yuan (CNY) 55.71...

Abstract To address the remaining medical misconducts after zero-makeup drug policy (ZMDP), e.g., over-examinations, China has given priority to government supervision on institutions. This study evaluated effect of costs among inpatients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in Sichuan province, first province where was conducted. A linear interrupted time series (ITS) model employed analyze data about 72,113 from 32 hospitals. Monthly average medicine costs, diagnostic and...

The prevention and control of hypertension should be an effective way to reduce deaths it has been a high priority in China. In 2013, the Chinese government increased subsidy standard for National Essential Public Health Services Package (NEPHSP) from RMB 15 30 per person, which was expected cover 70 million hypertensions. This study explored influence increasing NEPHSP on outpatient inpatient expenditure among patients with hypertension.

Hypertension is a prevalent and costly health condition in China. Little known about variation of the inpatient outpatient expenditures attributable to hypertension between prefecture-level administrative regions (PARs) drivers such among China's middle-aged elderly population.We obtain data from China Health Retirement Longitudinal Survey 2011 2015, panel tobit models were used our study estimate differences across 122 PARs. Expenditure was explained by characteristics individuals regions,...

Shape and topology optimization problems are usually associated with geometrical restrictions. Effective control of structural complexity during the process is important for various considerations, e.g., functionality, manufacturability, aesthetics. Most existing approaches characterize as number cavities. However, three-dimensional structures, genus (i.e., tunnels) should also be considered an additional topological constraint. In this paper, a hole-filling method integrated into...

An aerogel composited glass unit consists of two sheets and an interlayer filled with granules. When it is subjected to a uniformly distributed load, part the load transferred leeward sheet through interlayer. A numerical analysis method employed describe effect plates rigidity on sharing experimental research conducted verify validity method. The results suggested that assumptions which were in are valid when difference small, but becomes inapplicable much greater.

Abstract Background : The prevention and control of hypertension should be an effective way to reduce deaths it has been a high priority in China. Chinese government issued the National Essential Public Health Services Package (NEPHSP) 2009; this initiative provides free public health services meet challenges posed by hypertension. It includes education, regular checkups, follow-ups provided patients with aged ≥ 35. This study explored influence NEPHSP on outpatient inpatient expenditure...