A5060895665- Micro and Nano Robotics
- Advanced Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics
- Pickering emulsions and particle stabilization
- Quantum Information and Cryptography
- Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture
- RNA Research and Splicing
- Diffusion and Search Dynamics
- Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Proteins in Food Systems
- Protein Structure and Dynamics
- Theoretical and Computational Physics
- Quantum Mechanics and Applications
- Spectroscopy and Quantum Chemical Studies
- Complex Network Analysis Techniques
- Cellular Mechanics and Interactions
- Lipid Membrane Structure and Behavior
- Nuclear Structure and Function
- Supramolecular Self-Assembly in Materials
- Photosynthetic Processes and Mechanisms
- Spaceflight effects on biology
- Stochastic processes and statistical mechanics
- Material Dynamics and Properties
- Ecosystem dynamics and resilience
- Genomics and Chromatin Dynamics
- Quantum many-body systems
Imperial College London
2016-2025
China University of Mining and Technology
2020
Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems
2010-2013
Max Planck Society
2010-2012
University of Oxford
2002-2009
Jesus University
2008
Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center
2005
Harvard University
2005
We investigate the role of quantum coherence in efficiency excitation transfer a ring-hub arrangement interacting two-level systems, mimicking light-harvesting antenna connected to reaction center as it is found natural photosynthetic systems. By using jump approach, we demonstrate that presence coherent energy and energetic disorder, from depends intimately on superposition properties initial state. In particular, find sensitive symmetric asymmetric states basis localized excitations,...
Phase separating systems that are maintained away from thermodynamic equilibrium via molecular processes represent a class of active systems, which we call emulsions. These driven by external energy input, for example provided an fuel reservoir. The input gives rise to novel phenomena not present in passive systems. For instance, concentration gradients can spatially organise emulsions and cause droplet size distributions. Another droplets subject chemical reactions such their nucleation be...
Biomolecular condensates are cellular compartments that can form by phase separation in the absence of limiting membranes. Studying P granules
Interaction of lamins with chromatin and transcription factors regulate transcription. Oct-1 has previously been shown to colocalize partly B-type is essential for transcriptional regulation oxidative stress response genes. Using sequential extraction, co-immunoprecipitation (IP), fluorescence loss in photobleaching, resonance energy transfer, we confirm Oct-1-lamin B1 association at the nuclear periphery show that this lost Lmnb1(Delta/Delta) cells. We several Oct-1-dependent genes,...
During asymmetric cell division, cytoplasmic components are segregated to opposite sides of the cell. We discuss how observed segregation can be achieved by a position-dependent phase separation mechanism controlled protein concentration gradient. show that effects even weak gradient amplified transition achieve strong segregation. compare our theory germ granules during divisions in C. elegans embryo. Our study demonstrates liquid-liquid play key role organization cytoplasm.
Biological sensory systems react to changes in their surroundings. They are characterized by fast response and slow adaptation varying environmental cues. Insofar as adaptive map of internal degrees freedom, they can be regarded computational devices manipulating information. Landauer established that information is ultimately physical, its manipulation subject the entropic energetic bounds thermodynamics. Thus fundamental costs biological elucidated tracking how system has about environment...
Phase separation under nonequilibrium conditions is exploited by biological cells to organize their cytoplasm but remains poorly understood as a physical phenomenon. Here, we study ternary fluid model in which phase-separating molecules can be converted into soluble molecules, and vice versa, via chemical reactions. We elucidate using analytical simulation methods how drop size, formation, coarsening controlled the reaction rates, categorize qualitative behavior of system distinct regimes....
Significance Deposition of some aggregated and misfolded polypeptides (amyloids) is the hallmark many degenerative diseases. Amyloid assembly slow, unfavorable, still poorly understood. Here, we show that liquid–liquid demixing (like oil forming droplets in water) type II diabetes IAPP amyloid precursors not dependent on human amyloidogenic sequence leads to formation a water-filled gel within phase-separated droplets. Both processes then trigger pathological aggregation at droplet surface,...
During meiosis, the parental chromosomes are drawn together to enable exchange of genetic information. Chromosomes aligned through assembly a conserved interface, synaptonemal complex, composed central region that forms between two parallel chromosomal backbones called axes. Here, we identify axis-central interface in C. elegans , containing positive patch on axis component HIM-3 and negative C terminus protein SYP-5. Crucially, canonical ultrastructure complex is altered upon weakening this...
Radial organization of nuclei with peripheral gene-poor chromosomes and central gene-rich is common could depend on the nuclear boundary as a scaffold or position marker. To test this, we studied role ubiquitous envelope (NE) component lamin B1 in NE stability, chromosome territory position, gene expression. The stability lamina dependent endoproteolysis (by Rce1) but not carboxymethylation Icmt), whereas C affected by loss full-length its processing. Comparison wild-type murine fibroblasts...
I study the confinement-induced aggregation phenomenon in a minimal model of self-propelled particles inside channel. Starting from first principles, derive set equations that govern density profile such system at steady-state, and calculate analytically how walls varies with physical parameters system. also investigate gradient particle if channel is partitioned into two regions within which active exhibit distinct levels fluctuations their directions travel.
A collection of self-propelled particles with volume exclusion interactions can exhibit the phenomenology a gas-liquid phase separation, known as motility-induced separation (MIPS). The nonequilibrium nature system is fundamental to transition; however, it unclear whether MIPS at criticality contributes novel universality class physics. We demonstrate here that this not case by showing generic critical belongs Ising conservative dynamics.
Abstract Active fluids and growing interfaces are two well-studied but very different non-equilibrium systems. Each exhibits behaviour distinct from that of their equilibrium counterparts. Here we demonstrate a surprising connection between these two: the ordered phase incompressible polar active in spatial dimensions without momentum conservation, one-dimensional (that is, 1+1-dimensional Kardar–Parisi–Zhang equation), fact belong to same universality class. This class also includes...
We study incompressible systems of motile particles with alignment interactions. Unlike their compressible counterparts, in which the order-disorder (i.e., moving to static) transition, tuned by either noise or number density, is discontinuous, this transition can be continuous, and belongs a new universality class. calculate critical exponents $O(\epsilon)$in an $\epsilon=4-d$ expansion, derive two exact scaling relations. This first analytic treatment phase class active system.
We show that quantum games are more efficient than classical and provide a saturated upper bound for this efficiency. also demonstrate the set of finite is strict subset games. Our analysis based on rigorous formulation games, from which versions minimax theorem Nash equilibrium can be deduced.
We consider the use of a running measure power spectrum disorder to distinguish between normal sinus rhythm heart and two forms cardiac arrhythmia: atrial fibrillation flutter. This spectral entropy is motivated by characteristic differences in spectra beat timings during three rhythms. plot patient data derived from ten-beat windows on ``disorder map'' identify rhythm-defining ranges level variance values. Employing within an automatic arrhythmia detection algorithm enables classification...
Amyloid accumulation is associated with pathological conditions, including type II diabetes and Alzheimer's disease. Lipids influence amyloidogenesis are themselves targets for amyloid-mediated cell membrane disruption. precursors surface-active, accumulating at hydrophobic-hydrophilic interfaces (e.g., air-water), where their biophysical kinetic behaviors differ from those in the bulk solution significant underappreciated consequences. Biophysical modeling predicted probability rate of...
Minimal models of self-propelled particles with short-range volume exclusion interactions have been shown to exhibit the signatures phase separation. Here I show that observed interfacial stability and fluctuations in motility-induced separations (MIPS) can be explained by modeling microscopic dynamics active region. In addition, demonstrate validity Gibbs-Thomson relationship MIPS, which provides a functional between size condensed drop its surrounding vapor concentration. As result,...
Abstract Many chronic degenerative diseases result from aggregation of misfolded polypeptides to form amyloids. amyloidogenic are surfactants and their assembly can be catalysed by hydrophobic-hydrophilic interfaces (an air-water interface in-vitro or membranes in-vivo ). We recently demonstrated the specificity surface-induced amyloidogenesis but mechanisms more specifically adsorption at remain poorly understood. Thus, it is critical determine how behave interfaces. Here we used surface...
Abstract Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a blood cancer of the lineage. Its prognosis remains poor, highlighting need for new therapeutic and precision medicine approaches. AML symptoms often include cytopenias linked to loss healthy hematopoietic stem progenitor cells (HSPCs). The mechanisms behind HSPC decline are complex still poorly understood. Here, intravital microscopy (IVM) well-established experimental model allows direct observation interactions between malignant in bone marrow...
Active matter is not only indispensable to our understanding of diverse biological processes, but also provides a fertile ground for discovering novel physics. Many emergent properties impossible equilibrium systems have been demonstrated in active systems. These features include motility-induced phase separation, long-ranged ordered (collective motion) two dimensions, and order-disorder coexistences (banding reverse-banding regimes). Here, we unify these transitions into single formulation...
We predict the existence of novel first-order phase transitions in a general class multiqubit cavity systems. Apart from atomic systems, associated superradiant transition should be observable variety solid-state experimental including technologically important case interacting quantum dots coupled to an optical mode.
Protein aggregation in the form of amyloid fibrils has important biological and technological implications. Although self-assembly process is highly efficient, aggregates not fibrillar would also occur it to include these disordered species when discussing thermodynamic equilibrium behavior system. Here, we initiate such a task by considering mixture monomeric proteins corresponding (micelles) (amyloid fibrils). Starting with model on respective binding free energies for species, calculate...