A mathematical model of a top blown converter, which was based on physical 30 t vessel, developed in this study. simplified consisting the converter used simulation. With model, it is possible to run large number tracer calculations within short time, compared solving for entire flow evolution each time. cavity depth and radius comparison has been done between showed good relative difference 2.5% 6.1% radius, respectively. The velocity change bath monitored by setting several monitoring...

A fundamental mathematical model of the flow field and surface deformation caused by an impinging jet in a top blown reactor has been developed. The results have validated against water experiments. More specifically, predicted penetration depth found to agree well with measurements predictions using analytical equations. Furthermore, location vortex fairly PIV measurements. Calculations were also done compare widely used standard k–ε realizable extension calculate turbulent conditions flow....

A novel modeling approach is presented where a computational fluid dynamics software coupled to thermodynamic databases obtain dynamic simulations of metallurgical process phenomena. The has been used on fundamental model top-blown converter. Reactions between gas–steel, gas–slag, steel–slag and gas–steel–slag have considered. results show that the mass transport in surface area totally controlled by convection. Also, large amount CO produced during decarburization might slow down rate...

Numerical modeling has been used to investigate the influence of electromagnetic stirring on melting a single piece scrap in an eccentric bottom tapping (EBT) electric arc furnace (EAF). The heat transfer and fluid flow melt for both conditions with without were studied. buoyancy forces considered as source terms momentum studied conditions. enthalpy-porosity technique was applied track phase change defined EBT region furnace. Different sizes, preheating temperatures, directions force...

Abstract The melting time of hydrogen direct reduced iron pellets (H-DRI) is a limiting factor for productivity in electric arc furnace steelmaking fossil-free steel. effect material and process parameters on was evaluated under laminar conditions using computational fluid dynamics. study found that the H-DRI primarily determined by properties slag bath its movement, with being secondary. shortest achieved combining high temperature (> 1950 K), viscosity foam 0.1 Pa s), thermal...

Previous studies have verified that a swirl flow generated in submerged entry nozzle (SEN) can effectively improve pattern and heat transfer continuous casting (CC) process. In order to obtain further in-depth understanding with respect the effect of on CC process, inclusion behavior SEN mold was studied present work. The field temperature molten steel as well square bloom were simulated under influence rotating electromagnetic (swirl generator). Also, different parameters such densities,...

In this study, a side tuyere was introduced to investigate how it is possible lower the mixing time and avoid problems of reduced stirring when using application slag splashing process in combined top bottom blown converter. Both physical mathematical models were applied study flow bath. Specifically, effects side-blowing gas jet on bath intensity studied. The results indicate that for converter decreased profoundly compared conventional Overall, model showed similar trends good agreement...

A 1/6th scaled down physical model was used to study and optimize the stirring condition of a 30 t converter. number parameters were studied their effects on mixing time recorded. new bottom tuyere scheme with an asymmetrical configuration found be one best cases respect decreased in bath. Mathematical modeling employed flow field characteristics caused by scheme. In mathematical model, comparison between existing setups made regards turbulence addition, volumetric method for calculating...

The inclusion removal mechanism due to a bubble wake flow was studied using water model and three dimensional numerical model. In the experiments, high-speed camera used record movement behavior connected flow. model, induced fluid dynamics in liquid simulated volume of (VOF) method. Also, individual particle motion tracked by discrete phase (DPM). A two-way coupling approach interaction between continuous particles. calculated results were compared with experimental observations...

The fundamental aspects of rising argon bubbles in molten metal for a laminar flow were investigated by numerical simulations. Volume-of-Fluid (VOF) model was used to track the interface between and liquid metal. process bubble includes two steps, one is inside liquid, other across surface. bubbling dynamics phase studied terms bubble's trajectory, shape terminal velocity over wide range diameters. It shows that ≈3–10mm rise spiral way with strong instabilities changing their instantaneous...

A new tundish is designed with the aim to produce a swirling flow in SEN by an economical way of using steel potential as required power. This design easily obtained adding cylindrical part onto traditional tundish. The results show that successfully obtained, also, tangential velocity can reach around 1.6 m s−1. installation weirs contribute stabilize at top However, this reduces intensity 30%. In addition, possibility slag entrainment analyzed. calculated Weber Number 5.0 for no weir case...

Abstract A new tundish design was investigated using both water model experiments and numerical simulations. The results show that the Reynolds Stress Model simulation agree well with Particle Image Velocimetry-measured for experiments. strong swirling flow in Submerged Entry Nozzle (SEN) of successfully obtained, tangential velocity region near SEN inlet could reach a value around 3.1 m/s. high shear stress found to exist on wall, due inside SEN. This large leads dissipation rotational...

The behaviors of non-metallic inclusions in a new tundish and SEN design enabling swirling flow are investigated by using Lagrangian particle tracking scheme. results show that 99% both Al2O3 Ce2O3 removed from the top surface other walls with "trap" boundary condition, while only around 60% for "reflect" condition at walls. Large size different densities large difference under walls, due to high buoyancy light inclusions. In SEN, much smaller number touches wall compared This is they have...

Abstract Different sizes and shapes of nonmetallic inclusions in a swirling flow submerged entry nozzle (SEN) placed new tundish design were investigated by using Lagrangian particle tracking scheme. The results show that the current cylindrical have difficulties remaining top region, since strong rotational steel exists this region. This high 0.7 m/s provides required momentum for formation inside SEN. larger than 40 µ m found to deposit smaller extent on SEN wall compared inclusions....