Stereotype threat has been proposed as 1 potential explanation for the gender difference in standardized mathematics test performance among high-performing students. At present, it is not entirely clear how susceptibility to stereotype develops, empirical evidence effects across school years inconsistent. In a series of 3 studies, with total sample 931 students, we investigated during childhood and adolescence. Three activation methods were used, ranging from implicit explicit. Across found...

Differences across cultures in classroom instruction may contribute to superior performance by Asian children on mathematics achievement tests.

The treatment of errors in mathematics classrooms has gained attention recent years, with many researchers suggesting that should be used as starting points for student inquiry into mathematics. In the study reported this article, we examined how teachers discourse around to generate by looking at mistakes U.S. and Chinese elementary lessons. To do so, videotaped 44 lessons from first‐grade (n = 15), fourth‐ fifth‐grade 29) also interviewed We separated topic taught (place value or...

The authors examined rates of both teacher responsiveness and student participation in the classroom question-asking context. Participants were 165 students their teachers 6 science classrooms. Teachers 3 classrooms called on male to answer questions more often than would have been expected basis number boys classroom. In none classrooms, however, did call be heightened volunteering students. No systematic sex or achievement-level differences found types that responded to. These findings...

Not all relevant instructional information comes in the form of spoken words. In present study, authors examine multiple modalities nonspoken forms representatio n—specifically gestures, pictures, objects, and writing—used by 3 teachers years lst-grade math lessons. Teachers frequently used visually based n tended to produce combinations representational rather than isolated representations. There were individual differences their preference for representation types. representations...

The effect of different levels preintentional and intentional communication development on musical interaction with children severe multiple disabilities has not been explored in the music therapy literature. Aside from stage development, what are particular influences disability who have early communication? A qualitative research project these issues. Ten school-aged participated project. most common medical diagnosis was cerebral palsy. Analysis video recordings other data confirmed that...

Abstract This article describes two studies that examine factors influencing children's access to real-world knowledge during the solution of word problems. In first study, based on work in Brazil by Carraher, and Schliemann (1987), children were asked solve arithmetic problems presented three contexts: (a) as problems, (b) simulated store situations, (c) symbolic computations. Brazilian both more successful likely use mental, informal strategies when solving than We did not find same...

Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs)—in part, because of their free, flexible, and relatively anonymous nature—may provide a means for helping overcome the large gender gap in Computer Science (CS). This study examines why women men chose to enroll CS MOOC how this is related successful behavior course by (a) using k-means clustering explore reasons enrolled then (b) analyzing if these are forum participation and, ultimately, persistence course. Findings suggest that have different taking...

This study investigated the types of questions that are asked in 1st-grade addition and subtraction lessons Japan, Taiwan, United States. Some researchers have argued knowledge is, part, constructed through these may be used differently U.S. than Asian classrooms. Thus, each question about or 311 observed was coded as 1 6 questions. Analyses revealed teachers significantly more conceptual problem-solving strategies did teachers. In addition, Chinese were embedded a concrete context

Social skills involved in leadership were examined a problem-solving activity which 252 Chinese 5th-graders worked small groups on spatial-reasoning puzzle. Results showed that students who engaged peer-managed small-group discussions of stories prior to problem solving produced significantly better solutions and initiated more effective than control students. A mediation analysis suggested it was because had experienced achieved solutions.

Abstract In this research, I examine some of the classroom processes that may be responsible for stellar mathematical performance among Asian children compared to U.S. children. The study documents differences in frequency and type explanations during lessons observed 80 U.S., 40 Chinese, Japanese 1st- 5th-grade classrooms. Explanations occurred more frequently Chinese classrooms than Furthermore, typical were substantive those lessons, learning about complex topics their peers Taiwan or...

Integral to knowing mathematics is an understanding of how mathematical ideas are generated and validated. In classrooms, teachers socialize this by establishing discourse patterns participatory structures in which various sources—the teacher, the text, discipline mathematics, or community learners—are implicitly explicitly credited with authority develop validate ideas. present investigation, authors focused on classroom processes that grant sources 6 first-grade classrooms. general, firmly...

The authors investigated the use of a particular discourse practice--continued questioning and discussion after correct answer was provided, which they called extended discourse--and examined frequency content this practice in 17 Chinese 14 U.S. elementary mathematics classes. They found that classrooms had more, spent more time in, than did classrooms. these episodes differed: focused on rules procedures classrooms, whereas computation These findings shed light interesting practices both...

Massive open online courses (MOOCs) continue to see increasing enrollment and adoption by universities, although they are still not fully understood could perhaps be significantly improved. For example, little is known about the relationships between ways in which students choose use MOOCs (e.g., sampling lecture videos, discussing topics with fellow students) their overall level of engagement course, these likely key effective course implementation. In this paper we propose a multilevel...

Help-seeking is an essential tool for student success. Still, students, especially those underrepresented in STEM (UR-STEM) and chemistry (UR-Chem), may be reluctant to employ help-seeking academic Understanding online courses crucial developing equitable learning environments where students can engage with a community of inquiry. We analyzed behaviors responses requests help college-level course's discussion forum. found that were responded equally, regardless how explicitly appealed help....

Recent research has demonstrated instruction that includes gesture can greatly impact the learning of certain mathematics tasks for children and much this work relies on face-to-face instruction. We extend problem by asking how in impacts adult from a video production science concept. Borrowing Perry Elder (1997), presented here examines what role adding to plays adults about gear movement. In pretest-instruction-posttest design, 56 college-aged participants were asked complete problems...

Video-based learning (VBL) aids STEM teacher professional development. In synchronous, in-person settings, researchers have linked changes in teachers’ reflective comments about videos to their beliefs and classroom practices, which are associated with improved student outcomes. However, questions remain VBL on asynchronous development websites, without facilitator support. This study experimentally examined how prompts, mathematical content, camera focus, motivation for commenting impacted...