The Tm-2(2) resistance gene is used in most commercial tomato cultivars for protection against infection with tobacco mosaic virus and its close relative (ToMV). To study the mechanism of this gene, cDNA clones encompassing complete genome a ToMV strain (ToMV-2(2)) that was able to break were generated. Chimeric full-length viral constructed under control cauliflower 35S RNA promoter, combining parts wild-type ToMV-2(2). Using these experiments, we showed 30-kDa movement protein ToMV-2(2)...

NONEXPRESSOR OF PATHOGENESIS-RELATED PROTEINS1 (NPR1; also known as NIM1) is a master regulator of systemic acquired resistance (SAR). SAR induced by salicylic acid (SA), leading to the expression (PR) genes. Current evidence suggests that NPR1 part transcription complex tethered activation sequence-1 (as-1)-like cis-acting elements in PR-1 gene promoters through TGA factors, and SA-dependent regulated NIM1-INTERACTING (NIMIN) proteins. In Arabidopsis, active only after SA induction....

By screening a cDNA library prepared from poly(A)+ RNA isolated an Epstein-Barr virus latently infected, growth-transformed human B-lymphoblastoid cell line, we have recovered clone corresponding to highly spliced viral transcript encoded largely by the major internal repeat (IR1). The 5' region contains one copy of 26-base-pair (bp) exon (W0) [which is 28 bp downstream CAATT-(N)34TATAAA sequence (N, unspecified base)] and seven copies two small exons (W1, 66 bp; W2, 132 bp). In addition,...

NON-EXPRESSOR OF PATHOGENESIS-RELATED GENES1 (NPR1) is the central regulator of pathogen defense reaction systemic acquired resistance (SAR). NPR1 acts by sensing SAR signal molecule salicylic acid (SA) to induce expression (PR) genes. Mechanistically, core a transcription complex interacting with TGA factors and NIM1 INTERACTING (NIMIN) proteins. Arabidopsis NIMIN1 has been shown suppress activity in transgenic plants. The NIMIN family comprises four structurally related, yet distinct...

Abstract From 2000 to 2005, a total of 1,096 enterovirus infections were diagnosed either by isolation virus from cell culture or RT‐PCR (5′non‐coding region (NCR)). Typing viruses (n = 674) was carried out immunofluorescence with monoclonal antibodies, neutralization test molecular methods. Seasons high activity characterized prevalence echovirus 30 (62.2% in 2000, 25.5% 2001) and 13 (34.5% 2001). In contrast, the 2003 season, which had very low activity, these types rare. During this...

The Tm-2 2 resistance gene is used in most commercial tomato cultivars for protection against infection with mosaic virus (ToMV). It has been suggested that interferes viral cell-to-cell movement plants; ToMV strain ToMV-2 requires two amino acid (aa) exchanges the carboxy-terminal region of 30-kDa protein (at positions 238 and 244) to overcome resistance. For further analysis this protein, stop codons were introduced into proteins at aa 235 237, leading deletion terminal 30 aa. mutant...

Tobacco pathogenesis‐related protein 1a (PR‐1a) is induced in plants during the hypersensitive response (HR) after exposure of to salicylic acid (SA) and by developmental cues. Gene activation these diverse stimuli mediated via an as‐1 ‐like element PR‐1a upstream region. To further analyze significance this cis ‐acting sequence, authentic from cauliflower mosaic virus 35S RNA promoter was inserted into place motif. Reporter gene analysis transgenic tobacco demonstrated that can functionally...

The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) mutant P3HR1 is incapable of immortalizing B lymphocytes because a 6.8-kilobase deletion in the BamHI W, Y, and H regions viral genome (M. Rabson, L. Gradoville, Heston, G. Miller, J. Virol. 44:834-844, 1982). To characterize transcripts that are encoded this region, poly(A)+ RNA from EBV-transformed lymphoblastoid cell line JY was isolated, used to generate cDNA library lambda gt10. By screening 500,000 recombinant bacteriophages with fragment, we isolated 10...

Polyneuridine aldehyde esterase (PNA-esterase) was isolated and partially purified from cell suspension cultures of Rauwolfia serpentina BENTH. The exceptionally high substrate specific enzyme catalyses the conversion monoterpenoid C10- into C9-unit at stage polyneuridine during biosynthesis sarpagine/ajmaline type alkaloids. enzymatically formed compound is new, labile indole alkaloid 16-epivellosimine. It this which functions as a branch point biogenetic routes leading to sarpagan ajmalan...

A novel virus, named Acanthocystis turfacea Chlorella virus (ATCV), that infects endosymbiotic algae of the heliozoon was isolated from freshwater samples. Electron microscopic analysis ATCV revealed viral capsid has a distinct icosahedral shape with diameter 140-190 nm. Filamentous structures extending some vertices, which may aid attachment to host cells, were also observed. The is made up one major coat protein about 50 kDa and contains large dsDNA genome. member genus Chlorovirus,...

Tobacco plants containing the N' resistance gene exhibit a hypersensitive defense reaction when infected with tomato mosaic virus (ToMV); infection results in necrotic lesions at primary sites. In an attempt to investigate molecular mechanism(s) underlying this plant-pathogen interaction, ToMV coat protein was joined by transcriptional fusion strong constitutive 35S RNA promoter from cauliflower virus. This chimeric introduced via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation into isogenic tobacco...

A cDNA clone of tomato mosaic virus (ToMV) genomic RNA was fused to the cauliflower 35S promoter and nopaline synthase gene polyadenylation signal. The transcriptional initiation site altered by in vitro mutagenesis so that resulting transcripts start at first nucleotide ToMV sequence. In addition, 12 nucleotides were inserted 5' untranslated region genome. This plasmid, pSLN, used inoculate several host plants ToMV. Among five plant species tested, only Chenopodium quinoa accumulated large...

Polyneuridine aldehyde esterase is a highly substrate specific enzyme which catalyses the conversation of monoterpenoid C10-unit into C9–unit at stage polyneuridine in biosynthesis sarpagine type alkaloids.