Abstract In the past decades, Moore’s law drives semiconductor industry to continuously shrink critical size of transistors down 7 nm. As further downscaling smaller sizes, reaches its limitation, and increase density on chip decelerates. Up now, extreme ultraviolet lithography has been used in some key steps, it is facing alignment precision high costs for high-volume manufacturing. Meanwhile, introduction new materials 3D complex structures brings serious challenges top-down methods. Thus,...

Abstract The presence of bacterial persisters is a key factor contributing to chronic infection. However, no effective treatment methods are currently available. Thus, platform developed, called reactive oxygen species (ROS) bomb, based on microenvironment‐adaptive hydrogel microspheres, oxidize the cell membranes in periprosthetic joint infection (PJI). Fenton reagent hydroxy iron oxide (FeOOH) and glucose oxidase (GOx)/calcium phosphate (CaP) acid‐responsive shell sequentially induced...

The increase of renewable penetration in power grids calls for loads to participate frequency regulation avoid under-frequency load shedding after large resource contingencies. motivation this paper is fulfill a fast residential control stability enhancement. For purpose, novel mobile distribution-level phasor measurement unit (MDPMU) developed disturbance event detection, mismatch estimation and control. First, the systematic design MDPMU introduced. proposed has major advantages low cost...

This article presents a switched-transformer-based polar Doherty digital power amplifier (DPA) for deep back-off efficiency enhancement. A single-transformer-footprint parallel-combining transformer (PCT) combiner is introduced 1.3-3.5-GHz wide frequency coverage, dynamic load modulation at 0-/6-/12-/18-dB (PBO) levels, and an ultracompact die size. Implemented in 40-nm CMOS, the DPA powered by 1.1-V supply only occupies 0.7 × 1.15 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"...

Optical microcavities offer a promising platform for highly efficient light–matter interactions. Recently, the combination of microresonators and 2D materials in nanoscale has further enriched optoelectronics microcavity geometries, spurring broad advances including lasers, nonlinear converters, modulators, sensors. Here, we report concept compact dual-laser cogeneration graphene-microcavity fiber, which offers way to cancel optical common mode noises. Driven by single 980 nm pump,...

Coherently injection-locked and directly modulated weak-resonant-cavity laser diode (WRC-FPLD) for back-to-back optical 16-quadrature-amplitude-modulation (QAM) 52-subcarrier orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) transmission with maximum bit rate up to 4 Gbit/s at carrier of 2.5 GHz is demonstrated. The WRC-FPLD transmitter source a specific design very weak-resonant longitudinal modes preserve its broadband gain spectral characteristics serving as colorless WDM-PON transmitter....

Atomic-scale precision alignment is a bottleneck in the fabrication of next-generation nanoelectronics. In this study, redox-coupled inherently selective atomic layer deposition (ALD) introduced to tackle challenge. The 'reduction-adsorption-oxidation' ALD cycles are designed by adding an in-situ reduction step, effectively inhibiting nucleation on copper. As result, tantalum oxide exhibits various oxides, with no observable growth Cu. Furthermore, self-aligned TaOx successfully deposited...

This article presents a 15-bit quadrature digital power amplifier (DPA) with in-phase and (IQ)-cell-sharing transformer-based Doherty operation, which compensates the 3-dB loss in traditional architecture enhances efficiency. Efficiency enhancement at 3-/6-dB backoffs (PBOs) is obtained on IQ complex plane to improve average A single-transformer-footprint parallel-combining transformer (PCT) combiner implemented for compact die size. Fabricated 55-nm CMOS technology, DPA powered by...

By up-shifting the relaxation oscillation peak and suppressing its relative intensity noise in a weak-resonant-cavity Fabry-Perot laser diode (WRC-FPLD) under intense injection-locking, directly modulated transmission of optical 16 quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) data-stream is demonstrated. The total bit rate up to 20 Gbit/s within 5-GHz bandwidth achieved by using OFDM subcarrier pre-leveling technique. With increasing...

Manganese oxide (MnOx) shows great potential in the areas of nano-electronics, magnetic devices and so on. Since characteristics precise thickness control at atomic level self-align lateral patterning, area-selective deposition (ASD) MnOx films can be used some key steps nanomanufacturing. In this work, are deposited on Pt, Cu SiO2 substrates using Mn(EtCp)2 H2O over a temperature range 80–215 °C. Inherently layer (ALD) is successfully achieved metal/SiO2 patterns. The selectivity improves...

5G mobile communication puts forward higher throughputs and output-power requirements, especially at the base station side. As shown in Fig. 25.1.1, compared to traditional analog-transmitter architectures with high-power GaAs/GaN power-amplifier (PA) modules, digital transmitters (DTXs) align Moore's law provide compact system size, high efficiency, better interface baseband, thus enabling fast integration as well a flexible architecture for massive-MIMO applications. However, due low...

A 15-bit quadrature digital power amplifier (DPA) is presented for wide efficiency enhancement coverage on the <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">IQ</i> complex plane and high dynamic range. Complex-domain Doherty proposed with -cell-sharing single-supply Class-G techniques to provide 32 power-added (PAE) peaks, good linearity, simplified management design. The average of modulation signal can be verified evaluated by a...

A 600-μm long-cavity laser diode with a front-facet reflectance of 2% is demonstrated as colorless OC-192 transmitter for the future DWDM-PON, which packed in TO-56-can package only 4-GHz frequency bandwidth but can be over-bandwidth modulated 10-Gbit/s non-return-to-zero data-stream. The coherent injection-locking successfully suppresses its side-mode intensity and noise floor level, further improves modulation throughput at higher frequencies. With increasing power from -12 to -3 dBm,...

With CMOS processes scaling down, digital transmitters (TXs) align with Moore's law to provide compact die area, better interface back-end, and higher power efficiency due the faster switching nature of core devices even in face reduced supply voltages. Moreover, integration high-power high-efficiency amplifiers (DPAs) on-chip is highly desired for cost reduction, longer battery life, fast time market. Recently, polar quadrature TXs have become very attractive architectures [1]-[7]. Compared...

Using a colorless weak-resonant-cavity (WRC) FPLD injected by centralized light source, we have experimentally demonstrated superior performance of 20-Gbps uplink transmission in WDM-PON. Even though the typical modulation bandwidth WRC-FPLD is only ~1.25 GHz, using spectrally-efficient 32-QAM OFDM or SC-FDE modulation, signals can achieve FEC limit after 25-km dispersion-uncompensated single-mode fiber transmission. Because advantage lower PAPR, outperform with fixed format proposed system;...

A directly modulated and coherently injection-locked WRC-FPLD transmitter is preliminarily employed to perform the 16-QAM-OFDM data transmission by using an OFDM subcarrier amplitude pre-leveling technique. The maximum bit-rate of 20-Gbit/s reported fusing with coherent injection-locking techniques in such a WRC-FPLD. Without subcarrier, L-band suppresses its mode-partition noise improve EVM only from 13.52% 10.2%. effectively compensate finite bandwidth unflattened modulating response SNR...

The coherent injection-locking and directly modulation of a long-cavity colorless laser diode with 1% end-facet reflectance weak-resonant longitudinal modes is employed as an universal optical transmitter to demonstrated for 16-QAM OFDM transmission at 12 Gbit/s over 25 km in DWDM-PON system. optimized bias current 30 mA (~1.5Ith) corresponding extinction ratio (ER) 6 dB the external injection power -9 dBm (are) required such wavelength-locked carry 122-subcarrier formatted data-stream. By...

A specifically designed SMA connector with jacket signal pin configuration is used to connect the transistor outline can (TO-can) packaged Fabry-Pérot laser diode (FPLD) for enhancing its direct modulation bandwidth beyond 6 GHz. The of such an TO-can/jacket-SMA FPLD a 256 quadrature amplitude (QAM) and single subcarrier optical orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OOFDM) format data stream at carrier frequency up GHz approached 10 MSa/s symbol rate. optimized 256-QAM error vector...

A coherently injection-locked and beyond-bandwidth-modulated weak-resonant-cavity laser diode (WRC-FPLD) transmitter packaged by a conventional TO-56 can package for an upstream 10-Gb/s OOK transmission is demonstrated in DWDM-PON. With specific temperature controlling, the WRC-FPLD able to maintain its during process of injection locking. Based on theoretical analysis modified rate equations, exhibits not only broadband gain spectrum but also large modulation bandwidth. Successfully...

This article presents an 8-way serial power combined transformer-based quadrature digital amplifier (DPA) with in-phase/quadrature (IQ)-reuse and Doherty techniques for high output efficiency. An serial-combining transformer (SCT) combiner is employed to achieve 4.1 W (36.1 dBm) peak power. IQ-reuse are adopted enhance the efficiency at 3 6 dB back-offs (PBOs). Implemented in 28 nm CMOS powered by 1.1 2.2 V supply voltages, this DPA achieves >30% power-added (PAE) across 2.7–3.2 GHz its 1...