A new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) abruptly emerged in Wuhan, China, 2019 and rapidly spread globally to cause the COVID-19 pandemic.To examine anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity of potent disinfectant Cleverin, major disinfecting component which is chlorine dioxide (ClO2); compare results with that sodium hypochlorite presence or absence 0.5% 1.0% foetal bovine serum (FBS).Concentrated SARS-CoV-2 viruses were treated various concentrations ClO2 50% tissue culture infective dose was calcurated evaluate...

We evaluated the antiviral activity of a chlorine dioxide gas solution (CD) and sodium hypochlorite (SH) against feline calicivirus, human influenza virus, measles canine distemper herpesvirus, adenovirus, adenovirus parvovirus. CD at concentrations ranging from 1 to 100 ppm produced potent activity, inactivating >or= 99.9% viruses with 15 sec treatment for sensitization. The was approximately 10 times higher than that SH.

To evaluate the efficacy of low-concentration chlorine dioxide (ClO(2)) gas against model microbes in wet state on a glass surface.We set up test room (39 m(3)) and ClO(2) was produced by generator that continuously releases constant gas. Influenza A virus (Flu-A), feline calicivirus (FCV), Staphylococcus aureus Escherichia coli were chosen as microbes. The (mean 0.05 ppmv, 0.14 mg m(-3)) inactivated Flu-A E. (>5 log(10) reductions) FCV S. (>2 dishes within 5 h.The treatment environments...

The efficacy of gaseous chlorine dioxide (ClO2) against feline calicivirus (FCV), a norovirus surrogate, in the dry and wet states on hard surface was evaluated. We demonstrated that low-concentration ClO2 gas (mean 0.08 ppm, 0.22 microg/I) could inactivate FCV state with 0.5% fetal bovine serum (FBS) within 6 h 45 to 55% relative humidity (RH) (> 3 log10 reductions) 2% FBS (percentage viral suspension) 10 75 85% RH at 20 degrees C, respectively. Furthermore, < 0.3 ppm concentration 0.26...

In this study, we evaluated and compared the antibacterial activity of chlorine dioxide (ClO2) sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) on various multidrug-resistant strains in presence bovine serum albumin sheep erythrocytes to mimic blood contamination that frequently occurs clinical setting. The 3 most important species cause nosocomial infections, i.e., methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MDRP), Acinetobacter baumannii (MDRA), were evaluated, with three...

Chlorine dioxide (CD) gas has a potent antimicrobial activity at extremely low concentration and may serve as new tool for infection control occupationally well publicly. However, it remains unknown whether the chronic exposure of CD effective against microbes is safe. Therefore, long-term, inhalation toxicity was studied in rats six-month continuous whole-body followed by two-week recovery period, so to prove that exposed up 0.1 ppm (volume ratio) judged safe on basis battery toxicological...

Objective Metformin, an oral medication used for type 2 diabetes mellitus, is the most commonly prescribed drug with less economic burden of patients. Although metformin’s efficacy and safety have long been recognized, approximately 5% patients treated this develop severe diarrhea as adverse effect to abandon treatment. Because there no animal model study metformin-induced diarrhea, it hard methods maintain quality life metformin. Research design Using mouse models, we tried evaluation...

The efficacy of chlorine dioxide (ClO2) gas at very low concentrations for hyphal growth Alternaria alternata related to fungal allergy was evaluated using a fungus detector. detector is plastic sheet with drop spore-suspending medium, and it makes possible clear observations light microscope. ClO2 (average 0.075 ppm, 0.21 μg/l) inhibited the fungus, but not germination spores. length more than 1780 μm under air conditions (control) 49±17 72 h. According international chemical safety card,...

To elucidate a mechanism of the antidiarrheal activity wood creosote, its effect on propulsive motility mouse colon and small intestine was studied using charcoal meal test colonic bead expulsion test. The compared with that loperamide. At an ordinary therapeutic dose, creosote inhibited colon, but not intestine. On other hand, loperamide intestine, colon. results indicate at least part is attributable to their antikinetic predominantly former latter.

Healthcare-associated infections due to Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) are a major cause of mortality and morbidity throughout the world. The purpose research described here was evaluate possibility using an extremely low-concentration gaseous chlorine dioxide (ClO2, 0.01 ppmv, 0.028 mg/m3) as technique reduce risk environmental infection by GNB. In this study we set up exposure chamber (1 m3) used three types GNB, namely Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa Acinetobacter baumannii.The...

Avian influenza remains a threat to human wellbeing. Hypochlorite derivatives are commonly used as disinfectants prevent the spread of disease. The World Health Organization (WHO) has listed chlorine dioxide (ClO2) an A1-level, safe, and efficient disinfectant. In this study, we tested efficacy ClO2, in aqueous solution gas forms, against avian A (H7N9) virus. virus suspension was mixed with ClO2 solutions various concentrations for time intervals. Aliquots mixture were then serially...

Wood creosote, a mixture of simple phenolic compounds, has long been used as an herbal antidiarrheal medicine. Previous studies have shown that wood creosote antimotility activity on the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, although its mechanism action is not completely understood. The in vitro efficacy calcium mobilization guinea pig colonic smooth muscle was evaluated using digital video camera system mounted inverted fluorescence microscope. effects spontaneous periodic increases free cytosolic...

Noroviruses are one of the most important causes acute gastroenteritis throughout world. The aim this study is to evaluate efficacy a chlorine dioxide gas-generating gel (ClO2 gel, 60 g) against feline calicivirus (FCV), norovirus surrogate, in wet state on glass dishes test sink (43 cm long, 75 wide, and 29 deep). ClO2 permits sustained release gaseous (1.7 mg/h at 25°C), was placed corner sink. containing FCV suspension were three positions We demonstrated that inactivated within 5h (>2 or...

Metformin, an oral medication, is prescribed to patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Although the efficacy, safety, and low economic burden of metformin on have long been recognized, approximately 5% treated this drug develop severe diarrhea discontinue treatment. We previously reported that 1,000 mg·kg–1·day–1 induced in diabetic obese (db/db) mice wood creosote (traditional medication for diarrhea) ameliorated symptoms. In study, we attempted elucidate molecular mechanisms by which...

Ricin toxin is a toxic glycoprotein comprising two polypeptide chains, A and B, joined by disulfide bond. The binding of its B-chain to the cell surface glycoconjugate having non-reducing terminal galactose (ricin receptors) has been assumed allow internalization ricin into cell, followed release free A-chain cytosol, which then inhibits cellular protein synthesis in eukaryotic cells (cytotoxic effect). In order investigate whether receptors essential expression toxicity, was allowed be...

Wood creosote, Seirogan, is a non-prescription drug used to treat diarrhea. However, reports of its clinical use are rare. Here, we report the efficacy wood creosote (3 capsules daily) in alleviating diarrheal symptoms 148 patients from 10 clinics Osaka, Japan. was classified be remarkably effective, partially or not effective on basis degree alleviation symptoms. The anti-diarrheal soft did differ between males and females. Younger (21–30 years) showed greater improvement diarrhea than...

ABSTRACT Aim Wood creosote (WC), an over‐the‐counter (OTC) drug, has been used as anti‐diarrheal agent for many years; however, its safety in combination with other drugs not adequately investigated. The current study was conducted to evaluate whether WC may cause drug interactions through the inhibition of cytochrome P450 (CYP). Methods inhibitory effects on ethoxyresorufin O‐deethylation, paclitaxel 6α‐hydroxylation, S‐warfarin 7‐hydroxylation, S‐mephenytoin 4′‐hydroxylation,...