To assess the dose-response relationships between different training-load methods and aerobic fitness performance in competitive road cyclists.Training data from 15 well-trained cyclists were collected during a 10-wk (December-March) preseason training period. Before after period, participants underwent laboratory incremental exercise test with gas-exchange lactate measures assessment using an 8-min time trial (8MT). Internal load was calculated Banister TRIMP, Edwards individualized TRIMP...

In March 2020, the spreading Coronavirus (COVID-19) prompted United Kingdom government to introduce a societal shutdown, accompanied by self-isolation and social-distancing measures reduce virus transmission. doing so, opportunities for physical activity were likely reduced, potentially causing detrimental effects older adults. Therefore, present study investigated influence of initial six weeks lockdown on levels, perceived function mood in A cross-sectional, mixed-methods, observational...

To optimize use of available resources, professional academies develop strategies to assess, monitor, and evaluate players as they progress through adolescence toward adulthood. However, few published reports exist using longitudinal study designs examine performance throughout the transition from youth soccer. We examined differences in age player recruitment alongside on field‐based fitness tests successful vs. unsuccessful graduates across entire spectrum recruited by a soccer academy....

Boxing exposes participants to the physiological response high intensity exercise and also direct body brain trauma. Amateur boxing is increasing females have been included in Olympics. The aim of this study assess stress possible injury incurred during a match by measuring serum biomarkers associated with cellular before after combat. Sixteen male amateur boxers were studied retrospectively. population was divided into two groups: (a) group that received predominantly punches head (PTH) (b)...

Mental toughness (MT) is a key psychological variable related to perseverance and success in performance domains. MT its development has been explored across range of contexts different sports, but no research date examined relation Paralympic athletes. We sought understand the lived-experiences mentally tough Paralympians, aiming conceptualize context investigate development. Ten athletes were interviewed using in-depth, semi-structured interviews. The verbatim transcripts interviews served...

Subjective and objective assessments may be used congruently when making decisions regarding player recruitment in soccer, yet there have been few attempts to examine the level of agreement between these methods. Therefore, we compare levels subjective physical qualities associated with youth soccer performance. In total, 80 male players (13.2 ± 1.9 years), 12 professional coaches volunteered participate. Players were objectively assessed using five fitness measures: Yo-Yo Intermittent...

There is growing evidence that Body Mass Index (BMI) unfit for purpose. Waist circumference (WC) indices appear to be the preferred alternative, although it not clear which WC index optimal at predicting cardio-metabolic risk (CMR) and associated health outcomes.We obtained a stratified random probability sample of 53,390 participants from Health Survey England (HSE), 2008-2018. The four available CMR factors were; high-density lipoproteins (HDL) cholesterol, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c),...

To identify the dose-response relationship between measures of training load (TL) and changes in aerobic fitness academy rugby union players.Training data from 10 players were collected during a 6-wk in-season period. Participants completed lactate-threshold test that was used to assess VO2max, velocity at 2 mmol/L (lactate threshold), 4 (onset lactate accumulation; vOBLA) as fitness. Internal-TL calculated Banister impulse (bTRIMP), Edwards TRIMP, Lucia individualized TRIMP (iTRIMP),...

To evaluate training-intensity distribution using different intensity measures based on rating of perceived exertion (RPE), heart rate (HR), and power output (PO) in well-trained cyclists.Fifteen road cyclists participated the study. Training data were collected during a 10-wk training period. Training-intensity was quantified RPE, HR, PO categorized 3-zone model. Three zones for HR around 1st 2nd lactate threshold. The 3 RPE defined 10-point scale: zone 1, scores 1-4; 2, 5-6; 3,...

This study investigated the effects of complete and partial sleep deprivation on multiple aspects athletic performance. Ten males completed a cognitive function test, maximal handgrip strength, countermovement jump (CMJ) 15 min all out cycling test to assess aerobic These tests were performed following 3 different conditions; normal (CON), 4 hr opportunity (PART) (DEP). Data analysed using Bayesian multi-level regression model provide probabilities impairment (p = %). Aerobic performance,...

The aim of this study was to examine the effect bio-banding on indicators talent identification in academy soccer players. Seventy-two 11 14-year-old players were bio-banded using percentage estimated adult stature attainment (week 1), maturity-offset 2) or a mixed-maturity method 3). Players contested five maturity (mis)matched small-sided games with physical and psychological determinants measured. Data analysed series Bayesian hierarchical models, fitted different response distributions...

This study evaluated the changes in ratios of different intensity (rating perceived exertion; RPE, heart rate; HR, power output; PO) and load measures (session-RPE; sRPE, individualized TRIMP; iTRIMP, Training Stress Score™; TSS) professional cyclists. PO HR data was collected from twelve cyclists (VO2max 75 ± 6 ml∙min∙kg−1) during a two-week baseline training period two cycling Grand Tours. Subjective:objective (RPE:HR, RPE:PO) (sRPE:iTRIMP, sRPE:TSS) external:internal (PO:HR) (TSS:iTRIMP)...

Handgrip strength (HGS) is an important indicator of health. Because HGS strongly associated with body size, most investigators normalize for some measure size as a more sensitive within population. We aimed to 1) identify the optimal dimension remove (normalize) differences in among adults and 2) generate norm-referenced centiles using identified dimension.Data were from National Health Nutrition Examination Survey, representative sample US noninstitutionalized civilian Exclusions resulted...

Malta is experiencing a public health crisis due to childhood obesity, which hassignificant economic impacts. It particularly alarming among low-income families, wherepoor dietary choices increase their Body Mass Index. The purpose of this study was toevaluate different interventions for combating obesity in Malta, including dietand exercise, exercise only, and no intervention at all. Sixty children participated. A quasi-experimental design employed, involving aged 9-10. Bioelectrical...

Introduction Many people fail to meet physical activity guidelines. One possible solution is wearable technology. Yet it unclear if popular devices such as the Apple Watch can accurately measure intensity, which a cornerstone of We developed bespoke app based on use relative intensity (%HRR), with aim determine measures ‘moderate’ more compared native Activity app, using % oxygen consumption reserve (%VO 2 R) criterion. Methods Seventy-four participants (18–65 years) attended laboratory...

This study assessed the influence of soccer-specific exercise on thigh musculature strength in female soccer players. Eight amateur players (age 24 ± 6 years; height 163 8 cm; mass 68 11 kg) participated study. Participants completed match simulation-90 (FEMS-90), replicating a 90-minute match. Isokinetic assessments concentric knee extensors (conKE), flexors (conKF), eccentric (eccKE) and (eccKF) for dominant lower limb were conducted at 60°∙s-1 where conventional ratios (CR) dynamic...

Abstract Sanders, D, Taylor, RJ, Myers, T, and Akubat, I. A field-based cycling test to assess predictors of endurance performance establishing training zones. J Strength Cond Res 34(12): 3482–3488, 2020—This study evaluates the relationship between a 8-minute time trial (8MTT) physiological variables assessed with an incremental laboratory test. Second, lactate thresholds in were compared estimated functional threshold power (FTP) from 8MTT. Nineteen well-trained road cyclists (aged 22 ± 2...

Purpose: Longitudinal studies assessing the seasonal development of strength, speed and power qualities are limited in youth soccer players. The purpose this study was to evaluate changes physical elite players across Pre-, Circa- Post-Peak Height Velocity (PHV), against a similar age maturity matched control groups. Methods: One-hundred twelve male (Pre-PHV n = 55; Circa-PHV 21; Post-PHV 36) 38 controls consisting non-elite active participants 18; 10; 10) all undertook isometric mid-thigh...

Context : High doses of ∼6 mg·kg −1 body mass have improved performance during intermittent running, jumping, and agility protocols. However, there are sparse data on low caffeine, especially in elite adolescent soccer players. Methods A total 15 youth players (177.3 [4.8] cm, 66.9 [7.9] kg, 16 [1] y) participated the study, consuming 1, 2, or 3 caffeine a gelatin capsule 2-mg·kg placebo single-blind, randomized, crossover study design. Testing consisted 20-m sprint, arrowhead (change...

Abstract Morris, RO, Jones, B, Myers, T, Lake, J, Emmonds, S, Clarke, ND, Singleton, D, Ellis, M, and Till, K. Isometric midthigh pull characteristics in elite youth male soccer players: Comparisons by age maturity offset. J Strength Cond Res 34(10): 2947–2955, 2020—The purpose of this study was to (a) provide comparative isometric (IMTP) force-time for players (b) determine the effect maturation on IMTP characteristics. Elite (U12 n = 51; U13 54; U14 56; U15 45; U16 39; U18 48) across 3...

This study identified key somatic and demographic characteristics that benefit all swimmers and, at the same time, further only specific swimming strokes. Three hundred sixty-three competitive-level (male [n = 202]; female 161]) participated in study. We adopted a multiplicative, allometric regression model to identify associated with 100 m speeds (controlling for age). The was refined using backward elimination. Characteristics benefited some but not strokes were by introducing...

The aim of this study was to examine the effect bio-banding on technical and tactical markers talent identification in 11- 14-year-old academy soccer players.Using a repeated measures design, 92 players were bio-banded using percentage estimated adult stature attainment (week 1), maturity-offset 2) mixed-maturity method 3). All contested five maturity (mis)matched small-sided games with variables measured. Data analysed series Bayesian hierarchical models, fitted different response...

Training load monitoring is employed to quantify training demands, determine individual physiological adaptions and examine the dose–response relationship, ultimately reducing likelihood of injury making a meaningful impact on performance. The purpose this study explore relationship between in competitive swimmers, using session rate perceived exertion (sRPE) method. Data were collected prospective, longitudinal design across 104 weeks. from 34 athletes centralised two Swim Ireland’s...