Anion exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs) have been developed as promising energy conversion devices for stationary and mobile applications due to their potentially low cost. To realize high-performance AEMFCs, new polymeric membranes are needed that highly conductive chemically stable. Here we report a systematic study of anion (AEMs) with multiple cations per side chain site demonstrate how this motif can boost both the conductivity stability poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide)-based...

Anion exchange membranes (AEMs) are a promising class of materials that enable non-noble metals to be used as catalysts in fuel cells. Compared their acidic counterparts, typically Nafion and other perfluorosulfonate-based membranes, the low OH– conductivity AEMs remains concern these developed for practical applications. Cross-linked macromolecular structures popular way optimize trade-off between ionic water swelling with high ion capacities (IECs). However, common cross-linked (e.g.,...

Rationale: Cerebrovascular diseases, together with malignancies, still pose a huge threat to human health nowadays.With the advantages of its high spatial resolution and large penetration depth, fluorescence bioimaging in second near-infrared spectral region (NIR-II, 900-1700 nm) related imaging-guided therapy based on biocompatible dyes have become promising theranostics method.Methods: The biocompatibility IR-820 we used NIR-II was verified by long-term observation.The model mouse cranial...

Abstract Although the peak power density of anion exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs) has been raised from ≈0.1 to ≈1.4 W cm −2 over last decade, a majority AEMFCs reported in literature have not demonstrated achieve consistently high performance and steady‐state operation. Poly(olefin)‐based AEMs with fluorine substitution on aromatic comonomer show considerably higher dimensional stability compared samples that do contain fluorine. More importantly, fluorinated poly(olefin)‐based exhibit...

A series of tough and chemically stable semi-interpenetrating network anion exchange membranes (SIPN AEMs) composed a rigid ion-conductive component, quaternized poly(2,6-dimethyl phenylene oxide) (QAPPO), hydrophilic, cross-linked, flexible poly(ethylene glycol)-co-poly(allyl glycidyl ether) (xPEG–PAGE) component were synthesized. The SIPN AEMs containing both polymer constituents exhibited outstanding mechanical strength flexibility much tougher than conventional QAPPO membranes....

A series of chemically stable and ionically conductive side-chain anion exchange membranes (AEMs) based on poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) (PPO) backbones alkyltrimethylammonium cations are reported in this work. Two groups with n-propyl (C3) n-pentyl (C5) alkyl chains were tethered onto PPO through secondary amine moieties, resulting two AEMs, that is, NC3Q-PPO NC5Q-PPO NC5 Q-PPO. In comparison to benzylic QA (e.g., benzyltrimethylammonium quarternized (QPPO)...

To produce anion conductive and durable polymer electrolytes for alkaline fuel cell applications, a series of cross-linked quaternary ammonium functionalized poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide)s with mass-based ion exchange capacities (IEC) ranging from 1.80 to 2.55 mmol g⁻¹were synthesized<italic>via</italic>thiol–ene click chemistry.

Bipolar membranes maintain a steady pH in electrolytic cells through water autodissociation at the interface between their cation- and anion-exchange layers. We analyze balance of electric field catalysis accelerating this reaction.

Functionalization of poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide)s (PPO) was achieved by grafting hindered fluorene-based side chains to PPO via the Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reaction using an appropriate catalyst/ligand system. Using resulting functionalized PPO, anion-conductive copolymers, with fluorene pendant alkyltrimethylammonium groups, were synthesized Menshutkin reaction. The quaternized copolymers yielded ductile, transparent membranes which soluble in dimethylformamide, dimethyl...

Mechanically tough, cross-linked anion exchange membranes (AEM) based on poly(2,6-dimethylphenylene oxide) (PPO) were achieved by introducing a hydrophilic and flexible Jeffamine (O,O′-bis(2-aminopropyl)polypropylene glycol-block-poly(ethylene glycol)-block-polypropylene glycol 500) cross-linker into the cationic macromolecular network. The AEMs demonstrated outstanding strength flexibility mechanically tougher than AEM samples benzyltrimethylammonium (BTMA) functionalized PPO alone....

Bromoalkyl-functionalized poly(olefin)s were synthesized by copolymerization of 4-(4-methylphenyl)-1-butene with 11-bromo-1-undecene using Ziegler–Natta polymerization. The resulting bromoalkyl-functionalized converted to quaternary ammonium-containing anion-conductive copolymers reacting the pendant bromoalkyl group trimethylamine or a custom-synthesized tertiary amine containing ammonium moieties. Poly(olefin)-based AEMs three cations per side chain showed considerably higher hydroxide...

Waterborne polymers, including waterborne polyurethanes (WPU), polyester dispersions (PED), and polyacrylate emulsions (PAE), are employed as environmentally friendly water-based coatings adhesives. An efficient, fast, stable, safe cross-linking strategy is always desirable to impart polymers with improved mechanical properties water/solvent/thermal abrasion resistance. For the first time, click chemistry was introduced into polymer systems a strategy. Click rendered films significantly...

A series of ether-bond free polybenzimidazole (PBI) bearing pendant imidazolium groups (HIm-PBI and PIm-PBI) are synthesized via a low cost preparation process under mild reaction conditions. HIm-PBI PIm-PBI show excellent membrane forming property, flexible HIm-PBI- PIm-PBI-based membranes prepared by casting the polymer/dimethyl sulfoxide solution. For comparison, PBI without (I-PBI) was characterized in detail, I-PBI shows poor ability same HIm-PBI-based anion exchange (AEMs) with longer...

Of the polymer materials investigated as anion exchange membranes, trimethylbenzylammonium-containing polysulfones are most extensively studied. They commonly prepared by chloromethylation of aromatic backbone or radical bromination benzylic carbons, followed a Menshutkin reaction between tertiary amine and benzyl halide. To overcome synthetic limitations involved with these two methods, we report preparation an membrane means iridium-catalyzed C–H borylation palladium-catalyzed Suzuki...

Polyacrylamide (PAM) based friction reducers are a primary ingredient of slickwater hydraulic fracturing fluids. Little is known regarding the fate these polymers under downhole conditions, which could have important environmental impacts including decisions on strategies for reuse or treatment flowback water. The objective this study was to evaluate chemical degradation high molecular weight PAM, effects shale, oxygen, temperature, pressure, and salinity. Data were obtained with fluid...

The properties and stability of quaternary ammonium poly(sulfone) QA-RADEL poly(phenylene oxide) QA-PPO were investigated. These two membranes have a major difference in their backbone structure where contains an electron-withdrawing group is ether-based without the main chain. Conductivity, thickness swelling measurments examined at various temperatures for both types samples. HRSEM FTIR analysis indicated that membrane degraded much faster than under high temperature pH conditions. showed...

A novel flexible mechanical-to-electrical energy conversion device is developed based on a p–n organic junction diode architecture. The produced power density up to 2 µW cm−3 at an operating frequency of 0.1 Hz, suitable for harvesting mechanical from low-frequency sources such as wind, ocean waves, and human motions. As service our authors readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed may be re-organized online delivery, but...

As the field of anion exchange membranes (AEMs) employs an increasing variety cations, a critical understanding cation properties must be obtained, especially as they relate to membrane ion conductivity. Here, elucidate such properties, metal cation-based AEMs, featuring bis(norbornene) nickel, ruthenium, or cobalt complexes, were synthesized and characterized. In addition, isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) was used probe counterion thermodynamics in order understand previously reported...

Hydrophobic side chains were employed to induce different patterns of microphase separation and cause conductive performance in alkaline polymer electrolytes.