Abstract Maximum atom efficiency as well distinct chemoselectivity is expected for electrocatalysis on atomically dispersed (or single site) metal centres, but its realization remains challenging so far, because carbon, the most widely used electrocatalyst support, cannot effectively stabilize them. Here we report that a sulfur-doped zeolite-templated simultaneously exhibiting large sulfur content (17 wt% S), unique carbon structure (that is, highly curved three-dimensional networks of...

In this paper, the structural change of sulfur cathode during electrochemical reaction a lithium battery employing 0.5 M -tetra(ethylene glycol) dimethyl ether (TEGDME) was studied by means scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and wave dispersive spectroscopy (WDS). The discharge process cell could be divided in first region (2.4-2.1 V) where reduction elemental to form soluble polysulfides further polysulfide occur, second (2.1-1.5 are reduced nonuniform solid film...

This paper reports on the investigation of rate capability and cycle characteristics a lithium sulfur battery. The second discharge region where solid is formed surface carbon matrix in cathode was highly sensitive to thickness rate. scanning electron microscope (SEM) observation suggests that thick layer at causes diminution high Upon repeated cycle, delocalization happened, however, irreversible gradually increased with as evidence by wave dispersive spectroscopy measurements, causing...

Abstract Uncontrolled growth of insulating lithium sulfide leads to passivation sulfur cathodes, which limits high utilization in lithium-sulfur batteries. Sulfur can be augmented electrolytes based on solvents with Gutmann Donor Number; however, violent metal corrosion is a drawback. Here we report that particulate achieved using salt anion donor number, such as bromide or triflate. The use ~95 % by suppressing electrode passivation. More importantly, the high-donor-number anions are...

A synergic combination of a soluble ­redox mediator and protected Li metal ­electrode to prevent the self-discharge redox is realized by ­exploiting 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyl 1-oxyl (TEMPO) an Al2O3/PVdF-HFP composite ­protective layer (CPL). Stabilization simple CPL coating effective at ­suppressing chemical reduction oxidized TEMPO opens up possibility sustainable mediation for robust cycling Li–O2 batteries. As service our authors readers, this journal provides supporting information...

Abstract The long-term cycling of anode-free Li-metal cells (i.e., where the negative electrode is in situ formed by electrodeposition on an electronically conductive matrix lithium sourced from positive electrode) using a liquid electrolyte affected formation inhomogeneous solid interphase (SEI) current collector and irregular Li deposition. To circumvent these issues, we report atomically defective carbon multivacancy defects induce homogeneous SEI uniform nucleation growth to obtain dense...

Highly reversible aqueous zinc anodes are demonstrated <italic>via</italic> suppressing surface diffusion of Zn adatoms from strong orbital hybridization the and single vacancy defects.

Abstract Engineering liquid electrolytes for lithium (Li)-metal electrodes has been used to control the morphology of deposited Li in Li-metal batteries (LMBs). However, corrosion problem remains unresolved, hindering design lean practical LMBs, which require electrolyte/capacity ( E / C ) ratio be 2 g Ah −1 or lower. Here we report a borate–pyran-based electrolyte address chronic Li-corrosion problem. We discovered that borate–pyran transforms large LiF crystallites solid–electrolyte...

We conducted an objective comparison between the present performance and durability of AEMFCs with mature PEMFC technology. This review explains pathway for by categorizing materials, MEA designs, various phenomena.

Abstract Lithium (Li) metal is one of the most promising candidates for anode in high‐energy‐density batteries. However, Li dendrite growth induces a significant safety concerns these Here, multifunctional separator through coating thin electronic conductive film on side conventional polymer facing proposed purpose suppression and cycling stability improvement. The ultrathin Cu polyethylene support serves as an additional conducting agent to facilitate electrochemical stripping/deposition...

Owing to the natural abundance of sodium resources and their low price, next-generation batteries employing an Na metal anode, such as Na–O2 Na–S systems, have attracted a great deal interest. However, poor reversibility electrode during repeated electrochemical plating stripping is major obstacle realizing rechargeable batteries. It mainly originates from dendrite formation exhaustive electrolyte decomposition due high reactivity metal. Herein, we report free-standing composite protective...

Abstract Minimizing electrolyte use is essential to achieve high practical energy density of lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries. However, the sulfur cathode more readily passivated under a lean condition, resulting in low utilization. In addition, continuous decomposition on Li metal anode aggravates problem, provoking rapid capacity decay. this work, dual functionalities NO 3 − as high‐donor‐number (DN) salt anion presented, which improves utilization and cycling stability lean‐electrolyte...

Aqueous Zn-Br batteries (ZBBs) offer promising next-generation high-density energy storage for systems, along with distinctive cost effectiveness particularly in membraneless and flowless (MLFL) form. Unfortunately, they generally suffer from uncontrolled diffusion of corrosive bromine components, which cause serious self-discharge capacity fade. An MLFL-ZBB is presented that fundamentally tackles the problem crossover by converting to polybromide anion using protonated pyridinic nitrogen...

Springtails, insects which breathe through their skins, possess mushroom-shaped nanostructures. As doubly re-entrant geometry in the mushroom head enhances resistance against liquid invasion, springtails have robust, liquid-free omniphobic skins. Although surfaces are promising for various applications, it remains an important challenge to mimic structural feature of springtails. This paper presents a pragmatic method create nanostructures and robust superomniphobic by exploiting localized...

Interfacial stability is one of the crucial factors for long-term cyclability lithium (Li) metal batteries (LMBs). While cross-contamination phenomena have been well-studied in Li-ion (LIBs), similar rarely reported LMBs. Here, we investigated cathode failure triggered by chemical crossover from anode In contrast to LIBs, LMBs suffers more significant capacity fading, and its cannot be fully recovered replacing Li anode. In-depth surface characterization reveals severe deterioration related...

The laminated structure of graphene oxide (GO) membranes provides exceptional ion-separation properties due to the regular interlayer spacing (d) between laminate layers. However, a larger effective pore size immersed in water (∼11.1 Å) than hydrated diameter vanadium ions (>6.0 prevents its use redox-flow batteries (VRFB). In this work, we report an ion-selective framework (GOF) with d tuned by cross-linking GO nanosheets. Its (∼5.9 excludes but allows proton conduction. GOF membrane is...

The inhomogeneous Li electrodeposition of lithium metal electrode has been a major impediment to the realization rechargeable batteries. Although single ion conducting ionomers can induce more homogeneous by preventing Li(+) depletion at surface, currently available materials do not allow room-temperature operation due their low room temperature conductivities. In paper, we report that highly conductive ionomer/liquid electrolyte hybrid layer tightly laminated on realize stable high current...

With the demands for better performance of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells, studies on controlling distribution ionomers have recently gained interest. Here, we present a tunable ionomer in catalyst layer (CL) with dipropylene glycol (DPG) and water mixtures as dispersion medium. Dynamic light scattering molecular dynamics simulation demonstrate that, by increasing DPG content dispersion, size aggregates is exponentially reduced because higher affinity Nafion ionomers. The resulting...

Abstract The use of lithium (Li) metal anodes has been reconsidered because the necessity for a higher energy density in secondary batteries. However, Li suffer from ‘dead’ formation and surface deactivation which consequently form porous layer redundant aggregates. In this work, fibrous felt (FMF) as three-dimensional conductive interlayer was introduced between separator anode to improve reversibility anode. FMF can facilitate charge transfer layer, rendering it electrochemically more...