Valid and reliable measures of children's physical fitness are necessary for investigating the relationship between health. The objective this study was to estimate feasibility, internal consistency, convergent construct validity, test-retest reliability a new, functional, easily administered test battery measuring fitness. cross-sectional descriptive survey applying tests across age groups 5 12 years. Each 9 items in consists compound motor activity that recruits various combinations...

Spectators frequently harass female soccer players, and women's is compared negatively to men's by writers who make the comparison without backing of any data taking into account anthropometric physiological differences between sexes. This affects players' self-confidence contributes an undeservedly negative image soccer. In present paper, we argue that most can be explained women having adapt rules regulations are suited for men their physical attributes. Thus, games much more demanding...

The relative age effect (RAE) is a statistical bias observed across sport contexts and consists of systematic skewness in birth date distribution within an annual-age cohort. In soccer, January 1 st the common cut-off when categorizing players competitions according to their chronological age, which potentially disadvantages those cohort who were born later year. Thus, relatively older soccer can be favored talent identification, selection, development. aim current study was investigate...

The coach-created motivational climate within youth sports teams has been shown to be of great importance for the quality youths' experiences as well their motivation continuing or discontinuing sport participation. While player's perspective on climates studied extensively, coach's received considerably less attention. Thus, little is known about concordance perceptions between coaches and players, lack thereof. purpose present study was directly compare players' coaches' respective teams....

It is often argued within sports circles that the age span of around 6-12 years a golden for motor skill learning, and this period described as sensitive, or even critical, learning such skills. Consequently, development programmes target teaching technical coordinative In scientific literature, however, term scarcely seen, few studies have attempted to test hypothesis. When comparing between children adults, typically found little difference differences favoring adults. Studies reported...

The relative age effect (RAE) refers to that children born early in their year of birth show higher performance compared late the same cohort. present study evaluated whether RAE exists within non-competitive physical education (PE) attainments, change magnitude with age, and possible gender differences. results a drop PE attainment difference number high low marks between first second half-year. Of pupils who attained highest mark, 73% were 6 months. In lower-secondary school, RAEs larger...

<title>Abstract</title> Golf is an increasingly popular sport and presents fierce competition at the professional level. The Professional Golfers’ Association (PGA) Tour most prestigious men’s tour in golf, whereas Ladies (LPGA) equivalent for women. Among professionals, although women golfers play shorter courses than men, requirements men are similar. In turn, differing due to anthropometric physiological sex-based differences may affect variables such as choice of club playing strategy....

<title>Abstract</title> The current study investigated the relationship between predominant wave direction in elite surfers’ home countries and their preferred surfing stance, with either left foot (i.e., regular stance) or right forward goofy stance). Data on stances national origins were collected for 1,586 surfers from World Surf League 2020 Qualification Tour, along information distribution of directions countries. Among results, stance was neither random nor directly aligned general...

Abstract Background This study set out to explore the interrelationship among selected measures of motor skills. Methods Ninety‐one 4‐year‐old children from 10 nursery schools were tested using eight tasks Movement Assessment Battery for Children test. Results The most striking finding was that there very low correlations between tasks. Conclusions In relation these findings, it is possible argue learning particular skills specific task. discussed in principle task specificity learning.

Physical education (PE) is perhaps the school subject most likely to produce relative age effects (RAE). Like in sports, physical maturity gives students an advantage PE, which might well be mistaken for superior ability. The aim of present study investigate extent growth, measured as height, and RAE reflect assessment Norwegian PE. Furthermore, we wanted examine whether there any gender differences PE a function growth RAE. participants (n = 2978) were pupils last three years secondary...

Body concerns and stress-related disorders are increasing in the younger population a wide range of nations. Studies find links between both self-worth, exercise dependence, self-esteem relation to stress, but few have considered all three variables one another. The present study explored whether co-appearance high levels psychological distress, low may be vulnerability factor for developing dependence by studying self-esteem, dependence. A standardized cross-sectional questionnaire was...

Abstract This study investigated infants' ability to adapt experimentally induced changes in their body dimensions at walk onset, and how this is affected by increased walking experience. Fifteen infants were studied over first 6 months of independent with a load perturbation design. They traversed walkway loads symmetrically placed around the shoulders, waist, or ankles, without loading. At fell more shoulder ankle than waist no loads. Shoulder further resulted higher speed longer steps,...

The Relative Age Effect (RAE) can be described as the advantage of being born early after a certain cut-off date within group selection. effect has been found across wide range sports and is particularly evident in pre-elite team with high selection pressure. At absolute top level elite sports, relatively older reported to disappear, even reverse, so that younger athletes are advantaged. In order further examine such reversal RAE, we investigated performance overall 50 skiers each year...

Previous studies have shown faster tapping speed and better symmetry in drummers, compared with nondrummers. The present study investigated the effect on frequency of mechanically constraining joints arm unimanual bimanual drumming across drummers Skilled were nondrummers mean maximum under different conditions which arms constrained. One condition, free allowed use all three (shoulder, elbow, wrist), served as control. In other two, constrained such a way that participants only shoulder...

Entrainment is a ubiquitous property not only of interacting non-linear dynamical systems but also human movements. In the study reported here, two premises entrainment theory were investigated in tapping task conducted both interpersonal (i.e. between individuals) and intrapersonal effectors) conditions. Hypothesis 1 was that oscillatory should demonstrate synchronisation, which predicted to emerge as in-phase behaviour inter- Support for observed synchronisation individual bimanual trials...

Soccer is a multidimensional sport that requires skills in many different domains. Reports from competitions at the highest levels around world suggest particularly decisive performance factor team's technical execution. Testing of soccer has been infrequent compared with testing physiological variables, and there lack consensus as to which tasks should be included test batteries. In this study, validity four field (heading, long pass, juggling, hit-the-post) was examined by 108 female...

The term relative age effect (RAE) refers to differences between athletes within the same cohort, and is frequently found a plethora of sports. Less clear than actual occurrence has been strength across, within, different sports, also variations across sex, age, skill level. In this study, we analyzed birth dates among fifty top ranked alpine skiers in World Cup system over last twenty years. analysis included both male ( n = 238) female 235) grouped into either speed group (downhill...