DC technology has gained considerable interest in the medium voltage applications due to benefits over AC counterpart. However, utilize full capacity of this development, selection a suitable power electronic converter topology is key aspect. From pool source converters (VSC's), it unclear which for multi-megawatt at dc (MVdc) levels. To address this, paper proposes guideline based on reliability and optimum redundancy levels VSCs MVdc applications. This will be combined with other...

Power system interconnections using high-voltage direct-current (HVDC) technologies between different areas can be an effective solution to enhance efficiency and reliability. Particularly, the multi-terminal dc grids that could balance ensure resource adequacy increase asset utilization reduce costs. In this paper, technical feasibility of building line-commutated converter-based (LCC) voltage source (VSC) HVDC is discussed. Apart from presenting challenges LCC LCC/VSC hybrid grids,...

The current-carrying capability of dc lines is limited by their thermal and electric stress limits. Thus, the line current must be maintained within permissible operational region to protect from damage. In a dense grid, control over each cannot achieved without including additional devices. this paper, dual H-bridge flow controller (2B-CFC) used manage grid power providing voltage compensation in series with lines. A centralized hierarchical system proposed coordinate operation between...

The urgency for an increased capacity boost bounded by enhanced reliability and sustainability through operating cost reduction has become the major objective of electric utilities worldwide. Power electronics have contributed to this goal decades providing additional flexibility controllability power systems. Among electronic based assets, high-voltage dc (HVdc) transmission systems flexible ac (FACTS) controllers played a substantial role on sustainable grid infrastructure. Recent...

The development of power electronics is driving high voltage (HV) and medium (MV) applications based on dc technologies for transmission distribution, renewable energy integration, ship railway systems. DC circuit breakers (DCCBs) are needed to protect improve the performance or hybrid ac/dc systems during severe fault and/or abnormal operating conditions. This paper reviews state-of-the-art DCCBs both HV MV mechanisms requirements summarized. Various DCCB topologies their merits demerits...

Power reversal control strategies for different types of hybrid line-commutated-converter (LCC)/modular multi-level converter (MMC) based high-voltage direct-current (HVDC) systems have been proposed with the consideration system configurations and MMC's topologies.The studies show that full-bridge (FB) MMC gives better performance than halfbridge (HB) MMCs in terms power LCC/MMC systems.The modulation method employed this paper can achieve a smooth online polarity LCC/FB-MMC HVDC...

The valve-side single-phase-to-ground (SPG) faults in the half-bridge modular multilevel converter (HB-MMC)-based bipolar high-voltage direct-current (HVdc) systems induce some special fault consequences: overvoltage on submodule (SM) capacitors upper arms and nonzero-crossing currents grid-side ac circuit breaker (ACCB). In this letter, a protection strategy based converter-embedded double-thyristors is proposed to address these issues. are installed parallel with each SM lower of...

Infrastructure reinforcement using high-voltage direct-current (HVDC) links and series compensation has been proposed to boost the power transmission capacity of existing ac grids. However, deployment capacitors may lead subsynchronous resonance (SSR). Besides providing bulk transfer, voltage source converter (VSC)-based HVDC can be effectively used damp SSR. To this end, paper presents a method for real-time estimation frequency component present in series-compensated lines-key information...

Distribution network operators are encountering varied challenges through restricted corridors for expansion, fault-level constrained by capacity increase, increased pressure on operational efficiency, and proliferation of distributed energy resources (DERs). This will in effect impose limitations power-flow voltage. Moreover, due to the vast installation converter based DERs like photovoltaic, electric vehicles, an efficient approach is minimize AC DC conversion so as reduce losses enabling...

Transmission network reinforcements are being undertaken to meet renewable energy targets toward a low carbon transition. High-voltage direct-current (HVDC) links and series-compensated ac lines frontrunners in these developments. Although series capacitor installations can lead subsynchronous resonance (SSR), HVDC based on voltage source converters (VSCs) be used effectively damp SSR upon occurrence. An active damping technique mitigate torsional interactions (TIs), form of SSR, is...

Power flow control in multiterminal HVdc (MTdc) grids is essential to restrict operation within permissible limits. A current controller (CFC) can achieve this. In this paper, the modeling, control, and simulation of resistive, <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">RC</i> -circuit-based, capacitive CFCs carried out. CFC prototypes have been developed an MTdc grid test-rig has employed for experimental validation. Results show that...

High‐voltage direct‐current (HVDC) grids may provide fast frequency support to ac with the aid of supplementary control algorithms and synthetic inertia contribution from offshore wind farms. However, when all converters within HVDC grid are fitted these controllers, undesirable power flows reduced transfers occur during a imbalance. This is due simultaneous oscillations on different systems connected arising operation. To prevent this adverse effect, an auxiliary dead‐band controller (ADC)...

It is widely accepted that transient stability an important aspect in designing and upgrading electric power system. This paper covers the modeling analysis of wind integrated IEEE 14 test bus investigates enhancement using central area controller a system with storage. Wind energy gaining most interest among variety renewable resources this requires storage because it necessary to get smooth output from turbine. A battery connected which enhances voltage levels weak buses. The combined...

The impact of harmonics and resonances on the medium voltage direct current (MVDC) link embedded in Anglesey 33 kV distribution networks is evaluated this paper. background at either end MVDC analysed to identify dominant harmonic components. ac dc conversion with focus topology its behaviour. This followed a detailed power electronic converter switching model implementation for transfer studies. modelling aspects resemble proposed Angle DC converters as close reasonably practicable. To...

One of the most significant obstacles preventing large-scale application direct-current (DC) technology in medium voltage (MV) distribution networks is their fault protection. The existing AC relay protection needs to be changed or redesigned protect future overlay MVAC and MVDC networks. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding dynamic behavior post-fault restoration strategies systems are critically important. Moreover, comparison during will also contribute designing hybrid MV AC/DC...

Voltage instability is a major problem that attracting worldwide interest because of its consequence voltage collapses. These days' Kerala power system operate closer to their stability limits the economic considerations, making large amount transfer from long distance and an inadequate supply reactive which contribute eventually leads collapse. So margin has be estimated know loadability essential in real time for assessment. This paper investigates enhancement using Static Compensator...

A formal analysis of torsional interactions -a form subsynchronous resonance (SSR)- in series-compensated systems featuring voltage source converter (VSC) based high-voltage direct-current (HVDC) links are investigated this paper. Two ac/dc studied. The first one consists the IEEE First Benchmark Model for SSR studies which has been upgraded with a point-to-point VSC-based HVDC link. second system represents simplified yet future Great Britain power system, where reinforcement is achieved...

Powered wheelchairs are traditionally used by people with insufficient upper body strength and dexterity to operate a manual wheelchair. However, the operation of these can still be difficult stressful task. Head movement is natural form pointing directly replace joystick whilst allowing for similar control. Through use artificial intelligence, trainable wheelchair controller designed which provides an alternative control method improved posture, ease attractiveness. A computer simulation...

Distributed Generators are gaining widespread applications around the world to facilitate need for expanding generation capacity meet increasing load demand. However integration and high penetration of distributed generations into power system poses many issues that be addressed carefully. The main limiting factors synchronous operation generators voltage angle instability grid control authorities generator level maintaining stability. This paper attempts identify maximum safe loading, with...

Current flow controllers (CFCs) are power electronics-based devices that may remove some technical barriers preventing multiterminal high-voltage direct current (MTdc) grid deployment. In this paper, an interline CFC topology is investigated. The single H-bridge (1B-CFC) alters the by transferring between neighboring dc lines. operation and control of a 1B-CFC under modulation scheme presented. A strategy has been proposed to provide pole balancing support during imbalance conditions....

Active power outputs of a wind farm connected to weak grid greatly affect the stability grid-connected voltage source converter (VSC) systems. This paper studies impact active and control parameters on subsynchronous oscillation characteristics full-converter farms grids. Eigenvalue participation factor analysis was performed identify dominant modes system under consideration. The output damping is analysed with eigenvalue method. shows that when phase-locked loop (PLL) proportional gain...

Power system congestion has become one of the most significant problems faced by operators (SO) around globe after restructuring electricity industry. It creates hurdle in smooth functioning deregulated market and causes an increased cost associated with it. So investigation management techniques is vital interest. This paper presents a algorithm optimally rescheduling generator active power outputs. But all generators may not be taking part process. Participating are selected based on...

The emerging Medium Voltage Direct Current (MVDC) distribution networks are becoming more attractive due to their flexible control of power flow and lower losses compared traditional AC networks.This will significantly increase the wide uptake renewable energy sources.Voltage source converters (VSCs) main building blocks modern DC systems.Achieving a high reliability is an important aspect selecting for specific project.However, it still unclear which type VSC most suitable solution MVDC...