We transmit over all 30 spatial and polarization modes of a 22.8-km multimode fiber. 15-mode photonic lanterns enabled low-loss coupling into out the fiber time-multiplexed coherent receiver facilitates measurement signals.

Low-loss all-fiber photonic lantern (PL) mode multiplexers (MUXs) capable of selectively exciting the first six fiber modes a multimode (LP01, LP11a, LP11b, LP21a, LP21b, and LP02) are demonstrated. Fabrication spatial was successfully achieved employing combination either step or graded index fibers four different core sizes. Insertion losses 0.2-0.3 dB purities above 9 achieved. Moreover, it is demonstrated that use in PL eases length requirements adiabatic tapered transition could enable...

We report the optimization of a few-mode fiber, adapted to multiple-input multiple-output mode division multiplexing, that supports 9 LP modes (15 spatial modes). The fiber is fabricated using standard multimode processes, which allows for tight process tolerances, yielding low differential group delays (<;155 ps/km) with attenuations (<;0.22 dB/km), large effective areas (≥95 μm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ) and bend losses.

We present a new technique allowing the fabrication of large modal count photonic lanterns for space-division multiplexing applications. demonstrate mode-selective supporting 10 and 15 spatial channels by using graded-index fibres microstructured templates. These templates are versatile approach to position in required geometry efficient mode sampling conversion. Thus, providing an effective scalable method number modes repeatable manner. Further, we efficiency functionality our optical...

We demonstrate the first few-mode-fiber based passive optical network, effectively utilizing mode multiplexing to eliminate combining loss for upstream traffic. Error-free performance has been achieved 20-km low-crosstalk 3-mode transmission in a commercial GPON system carrying live Ethernet The alternative approach of low modal group delay is also analyzed with simulation results over 10 modes.

We demonstrate combined wavelength- and mode-multiplexed transmission over a 125-km multimode single span composed of 10- 15-mode fibers with spectral efficiency 29 b/s/Hz. A capacity 115.2 Tb/s is achieved distance 87 km.

We demonstrate a few-mode erbium-doped fiber amplifier employing mode-selective photonic lantern for controlling the modal content of pump light. Amplification six spatial modes in 5 m long to ∼6.2 dBm average power is obtained while maintaining high fidelity. Through forward pumping two degenerate LP21 operating at 976 nm, differential gains <1 dB between all and signal ∼16 1550 nm are achieved. In addition, low gain near-full C-band operation demonstrated.

To unlock the cost benefits of space division multiplexing transmission systems, higher spatial multiplicity is required. Here, we investigate a potential route to increasing number mode channels within single core few-mode fiber. Key for longer distances and low computational complexity fabrication fibers with differential group delays. As such in this work, combine wavelength mode-division multiplexed over 4.45 km low-DMGD 6-LP-mode fiber by employing low-loss all-fiber 10-port photonic...

We demonstrate adaptive-spatial mode control (ASMC) in few-moded double-clad large area (LMA) fiber amplifiers by using an all-fiber-based photonic lantern. Three single-mode inputs are used to adaptively inject the appropriate superposition of input modes a multimode gain achieve desired at output. By actively adjusting relative phase inputs, near-unity coherent combination resulting single fundamental output is achieved.

We demonstrate a multimode cladding-pumped fiber amplifier that supports 10 modes with 2-dB mode-dependent gain, 20-dB and 25-dBm output power. The gain is minimized using an oversized core supporting additional modes.

A bending sensor is demonstrated using the combination of a mode-selective photonic lantern (PL) and multicore fiber. short section three-core fiber with strongly coupled cores used as bend sensitive element. The supermodes this are highly to refractive index profiles cores. Small bend-induced changes result in drastic supermodes, their excitation, interference. spliced few-mode excites dependent amounts each six linearly polarized (LP) modes guided mode selective PL then demultiplex...

The power budget and costs are the two primary concerns for access networks. A major challenge is to minimize upstream combining loss increase budget. Spatial modes multiplexing offers possibility without significant added costs. We demonstrate first integrated six-mode passive optical network, utilizing spatial eliminate loss. record 4-dB net gain in was achieved by fusion splicing a photonic lantern with FMF, contrast traditional scheme single-mode combiner/splitter. BERs <10 <sup...

The advent of nanotechnology has triggered novel developments and applications for polymer-based membranes with embedded or coated nanoparticles. As an example, interaction laser radiation metallic carbon nanoparticles shown to provide optically responses in otherwise transparent media. Incorporation these materials inside polymers led generation plasmonic photothermal effects through the enhanced optical absorption polymer composites. In this work, we focus on produced polydimethylsiloxane...

We demonstrate the first few-mode-fiber based passive optical network, effectively utilizing mode multiplexing to eliminate combining loss for upstream traffic. Error-free performance has been achieved 20-km 3-mode transmission in a commercial GPON system carrying live Ethernet

We fabricate ten- and fifteen-mode photonic lanterns by using microstructured preforms that enables a repeatable fabrication process scalability to large number of modes. Mode selective capability is demonstrated independently exciting individual LP mode.

We demonstrate a simple approach based on photonic lantern spatial-mode multiplexer and few-mode fiber for optical manipulation of multiple microspheres. Selective generation linearly polarized (LP) modes provides light patterns useful trapping one or microparticles. Furthermore, rotation the particles can be achieved by switching between degenerate LP modes, as well through polarization input light. Our results show that emerging optic devices such lanterns provide versatile compact means...

Abstract The detection of pollutant dyes in the environment, particularly waterways, can be extended and potentially simplified using terahertz spectroscopy. use hydrogels to absorb these contaminants from water create solid samples with moderate transparency at frequencies evidently facilitates spectroscopic analysis. In this study, we demonstrate that chitosan poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogels, as well their cross-linked nanocomposite hybrid blends, efficiently capture acid blue 113 azo dye...

Abstract We report on an all-fiber setup capable of generating complex intensity patterns using interference few guided modes. Comprised by a few-mode fiber (FMF) spliced to multimodal (MMI) device, the allows for obtaining different output upon adjusting phases and intensities modes propagating in FMF. analyze obtained when exciting two family MMI device phase conditions FMF modal base. Using this simple experimental arrangement we are able produce with radial azimuthal symmetry. Moreover,...

We report on a simple fabrication technique for Fabry-Perot (FP) sensors formed by microbubble within polymer drop deposited the tip of an optical fiber. Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) drops are tips standard single-mode fibers incorporating layer carbon nanoparticles (CNPs). A inside this end-cap, aligned along fiber core, can be readily generated launching light from laser diode through fiber, owing to photothermal effect produced in CNP layer. This approach allows end-capped FP with...

We demonstrate combined wavelength- and mode-multiplexed transmission with a spectral efficiency of 58 b/s/Hz over an 87-km single-span multi-mode fiber using 16-QAM modulation format. The hybrid span comprises 10- 15-mode fibers.

We demonstrate optical fiber sensors based on highly coupled multicore fibers operating with the Vernier effect. The are constructed using a simple device incorporating single-mode (SMFs) and segment of fiber. In particular, we evaluated performance sensor seven-core (SCF) spliced at both ends to conventional SMFs, yielding versatile arrangement for realizing Vernier-based sensors. SMF-SCF-SMF can be fabricated standard splicing procedures serve as "building block" both, reflection...

Angular resolved digital holography is presented as a technique for realtime characterization of the full optical field (amplitude and phase) space-division multiplexing components fibers, here 6-mode photonic-lantern characterized.

Low-loss all-fiber mode selective photonic-lanterns capable of exciting six spatial fiber modes (4 LP modes) are demonstrated. Mode field profile characterization photonic lanterns using both step and graded index fibers is presented.

Thermocapillary flow has proven to be a good alternative induce and control the motion of drops bubbles in microchannels. Temperature gradients are usually established by implanting metallic heaters adjacent channel or including layer photosensitive material capable absorbing radiative energy. In this work we show that single can pumped through capillaries coated with photoresponsive composite (PDMS + carbon nanopowder) irradiated light source via an optical fiber. Maximum droplet speeds...