In unmanned aerial vehicle photographs, object detection algorithms encounter challenges in enhancing both speed and accuracy for objects of different sizes, primarily due to complex backgrounds small objects. This study introduces the PDWT-YOLO algorithm, based on YOLOv7-tiny model, improve effectiveness across all sizes. The proposed method enhances by incorporating a dedicated small-object layer, while reducing conflict between classification regression tasks through replacement model’s...

With the exponential growth of remote sensing images in recent years, there has been a significant increase demand for micro-target detection. Recently, effective detection methods small targets have emerged; however, micro-targets (even fewer pixels than targets), most existing are not fully competent feature extraction, target positioning, and rapid classification. This study proposes an enhanced method, especially micro-targets, which combined loss function (consisting NWD CIOU) is used...

Urgent natural environmental events, such as floods, power failures, and epidemics, result in disruptions to the traffic system heavy disturbances public requirements. In order strengthen ability of transport network handle urgent issues, this paper simulates disruption situation stations urban agglomeration by attacking nodes, evaluates resist (i.e., invulnerability). Firstly, model integrated passenger is established based on complex theory. The highway network, railway coupling are...

Metamorphic testing (MT) is an innovative approach to alleviating the oracle problem in software testing, which uses metamorphic relations of program under test, instead test oracles, verify its outputs. To alleviate web services, we had previously proposed MT framework for services. In this paper, further improve efficiency and automation by leveraging iteratively generate cases. We present a fixed-size iterative algorithm implement it framework. conduct three case studies evaluate fault...

Remote photoplethysmography (rPPG) refers to a non-contact technique that measures heart rate through analyzing the subtle signal changes of facial blood flow captured by video sensors. It is widely used in contactless medical monitoring, remote health management, and activity providing more convenient non-invasive way monitor health. However, factors such as ambient light variations, movements, differences absorption reflection pose challenges deep learning-based methods. To solve these...

Due to their high reliability, composite materials are commonly used in industry. The stacking sequence is crucial the strength of materials; however, arrangement this very time consuming. Because usually NP complete, genetic algorithms (GA) were employed deal with problems study. interlaminate stress σ33 a constant thickness plate, which obtained by analytical method, was as fitness function GA find its minimum value arrange ply sequence. Three examples and symmetrical laminate plates...

The access of distributed power sources to distribution networks not only improves the reliability supply, but also has a negative impact on relay protection schemes. This brought difficulty fault detection and significant workload search for points, resulting in prolonged outages damage electrical equipment, seriously affecting supply reliability. paper proposes novel diagnosis algorithm network lines based multivariate data fusion. location equation is derived from matrix inversion lemma,...

In recent years, the study of adversarial robustness in object detection systems, particularly those based on deep neural networks (DNNs), has become a pivotal area research. Traditional physical attacks targeting detectors, such as patches and texture manipulations, directly manipulate surface object. While these methods are effective, their overt manipulation objects may draw attention real-world applications. To address this, this paper introduces more subtle approach: an inconspicuous...

Decentralized power systems are commonly used in high-speed trains. However, many parameters decentralized uncertain and inevitably have errors. We present a reasoning method based on the interval numbers for Uncertain their unavoidable errors quantitatively described by numbers. also define generalized linear equations with (LAIs), which can be to describe movement of train. Furthermore, it is proven that zero sets LAIs convex. Therefore, inside fault-tolerance area formed vertexes edges...

In this paper, CoFe2O4@pyrolyzed bacterial cellulose (CFO@PBC) nanocomposites were synthesized by a hydrothermal process and an in situ composite technique as the cathode for rechargeable Li-O2 batteries (LOB). CoFe2O4@Ketjenblack (CFO@KB) prepared same way comparison. The as-prepared materials characterized SEM, XRD, BET. LOB with CFO@PBC-3 showed maximum initial discharge capacity of 2660 mAh g−1 (electrode) at current density 100 mAg−1, while mass ratio CoFe2O4 pyrolyzed was 3. cyclic...

Herein, a three-step approach toward multi-layered porous PBC/graphene sandwich has been developed, in which the chemical bonding interactions have successfully enhanced via esterification between layers of pyrolyzed bacterial cellulose (PBC) and graphene. Such chemically induced compatible interface demonstrated to contribute significantly mass transfer efficiency when is deployed as electrode material for both supercapacitors lithium-sulfur batteries. The high specific capacitance...

Error coefficients are ubiquitous in systems. In particular, errors reasoning verification must be considered regarding safety-critical We present a method that can applied to systems described by the polynomial error assertion (PEA). The implication relationship between PEAs converted an inclusion zero sets of PEAs; then transformed into first-order logic. Combined with quantifier elimination method, based on cylindrical algebraic decomposition, judgment is parameters and specific...

Firstly, this paper analyzes three forms of profit distribution based on two-level capacity cooperation service supply chain between supplier and integrator: fixed payment pattern, mixed pattern share pattern; points out that is the development trend supplier. Then, proposes principles enterprises should follow during distribution, including consistent incomes contribution, symmetrical risk benefit weighted principle. it integrator may impact proportion pertaining to quality control...

The quorum generation algorithm proposed in this paper is based on the quadratic difference set and initializes with a sequence of prime numbers. Initialization numbers increases fairness marking corresponding elements D set. This makes our slightly better than time complexity O(N), still O(N). size generated close to 3N, when number nodes 10 million.

Error parameters are inevitable in systems. In formal verification, previous reasoning methods seldom considered the probability information of errors. this article, errors described as symmetric truncated normal intervals consisting and density. Furthermore, we also rigorously prove lemmas a theorem to partially simplify calculation process independently verify formulas variance expectation interval given by some scholars. The mathematical derivation or verification codes provided for most...